The physician has prescribed a brand name drug for the client. The client tells the nurse that the medication is too expensive. What is the best plan by the nurse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Generic drugs, bioequivalent to brand names, cost less, making substitution the best plan to address expense while maintaining therapy. Assistance programs help but delay access. Cheaper brands may not exist or differ therapeutically. Samples are unsustainable. Generics offer a practical, immediate solution, widely supported by formularies, aligning with cost-effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lithium competes with sodium-adequate salt and hydration (1-1.5 L water) prevent toxicity by aiding excretion, per pharmacokinetics. Sea salt isn't less needed-sodium's the key. Retention isn't direct-hydration matters more. Increasing salt for toxicity is reactive, not preventive. Water trumps salt, clarifying use.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's severe reaction to disulfiram (aldehyde dehydrogenase blocker) suggests alcohol exposure, making it intolerable. Option continues the issue. Option intentionally triggers the reaction, unethical. Option , discontinuing disulfiram and starting naltrexone, is correct-naltrexone reduces alcohol cravings via opioid receptor antagonism, offering a safer alternative. Option , alprazolam, treats anxiety but not alcoholism. Option (E), psychotherapy, lacks immediate pharmacotherapy. Naltrexone addresses the root addiction without aversive effects, aligning with the patient's intolerance and chronic relapse pattern.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Expected adverse event. The patient's presentation of fever, chills, and myalgias following interferon administration is consistent with flu-like symptoms commonly associated with interferon therapy. This reaction is an expected adverse event due to the immunomodulatory effects of interferon. Option B) Drug toxicity is incorrect because the symptoms described are more indicative of an expected side effect rather than a toxic reaction to the medication. Options C) Underlying atypical pneumonia and D) Underlying bacterial pneumonia are unlikely as the physical examination reveals clear lungs bilaterally, making pneumonia less probable. Educationally, understanding the common side effects of medications is crucial for healthcare providers to differentiate between expected adverse events and potentially harmful reactions. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing side effects to ensure safe and effective patient care in individuals with complex medical conditions like HIV and hepatitis B.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to liver toxicity, and acetylcysteine helps prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing glutathione, a key antioxidant in the liver. Option A) Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is not the correct antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Aspirin toxicity is treated differently, often with alkaline diuresis. Option C) Bicarbonate is not the correct choice for acetaminophen overdose. Bicarbonate is used to treat acidosis and certain drug toxicities but is not the primary antidote for acetaminophen overdose. Option D) Fomepizole is used in the treatment of toxic alcohol ingestions, such as methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, not acetaminophen overdose. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the appropriate antidotes for common drug overdoses to provide timely and effective care in emergency situations. Understanding the mechanisms of action of antidotes and their specific indications is essential for optimal patient outcomes.