ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The phosphate and bicarbonate buffering systems are both effective buffers in the ECF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The phosphate buffering system works in the kidney and is effective in regulating blood pH. The bicarbonate buffering system operates in the blood and helps maintain acid-base balance. Both systems are important for buffering extracellular fluid. Other choices are incorrect because they do not provide a valid response to the question.
Question 2 of 5
The kidneys secrete additional H+ and conserve HCO - to compensate for increased H+ concentration in the body fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the statement aligns with the physiological process of renal compensation in response to increased acidity in the body. The kidneys secrete more H+ ions and conserve HCO3- to help maintain the body's pH within a normal range. This process helps to regulate acid-base balance. Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the known function of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information to address the question.
Question 3 of 5
H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption in the renal tubules. This process occurs in the proximal tubule of the nephron, where H+ ions are secreted into the tubular lumen in exchange for reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. This mechanism helps regulate blood pH by maintaining a balance between acid and base in the body. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a valid explanation or relevant information related to the process of H+ secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic for treatment of hypertension reports generalized weakness. Which action is appropriate for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient about loose stools. Generalized weakness in a patient taking a potassium-wasting diuretic may indicate hypokalemia, which can be caused by excessive potassium loss through the kidneys. Loose stools can contribute to potassium loss. By asking about loose stools, the nurse can assess for potential potassium depletion and take appropriate action, such as monitoring potassium levels, adjusting medication dosage, or recommending dietary changes. Incorrect choices: A: Assess for facial muscle spasms - This is not directly related to generalized weakness in this context. C: Recommend the patient avoid drinking orange juice with meals - Orange juice is a good source of potassium and avoiding it may exacerbate potassium deficiency. D: Suggest that the health care provider order a basic metabolic panel - While this may provide information on electrolyte levels, directly addressing the potential cause of potassium loss through loose stools is more appropriate.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day. Rationale: 1. Digoxin can cause hypokalemia as a side effect. 2. Diuretics can further lower potassium levels, leading to digoxin toxicity. 3. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. 4. Serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L is below normal range, indicating increased risk of toxicity. 5. Alerting the healthcare provider immediately is crucial to prevent severe complications. Summary: - Ibuprofen does not directly affect potassium levels. - Lantus insulin and Metoprolol are not typically associated with hypokalemia. - Digoxin is the most concerning choice due to its potential interaction with low potassium levels.