The phone rings at the nurse's station of an inpatient psychiatric facility. The caller asks to speak with Mr. Hawkins, a client in room 200. Which nursing response protects this client's right to autonomy and confidentiality?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it respects the client's right to autonomy and confidentiality. By offering to see if Mr. Hawkins wants to talk, the nurse is acknowledging his autonomy to make decisions about who he interacts with. This response also maintains confidentiality by not confirming or denying his presence without his consent. Choice A is incorrect as it does not respect Mr. Hawkins' autonomy and does not offer him the choice to speak with the caller. Choice B is incorrect because it does not protect Mr. Hawkins' confidentiality by potentially revealing his presence. Choice D is incorrect as it does not consider Mr. Hawkins' wishes and simply denies the call without involving him in the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates active listening and seeks confirmation from the patient, ensuring accurate understanding. Asking if the nurse's understanding is correct encourages the patient to clarify any misunderstandings. This approach fosters effective communication and a therapeutic relationship. A: Asking about common elements may not address the specific concerns shared by the patient. B: Asking the patient to repeat their experiences may come off as dismissive or imply the nurse wasn't listening attentively. D: Requesting the patient to start from the beginning may be unnecessary and may not address the current concerns the patient is sharing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: During World War II, many soldiers experienced mental health issues, leading to increased awareness and acceptance of mental illness as commonplace. Step 2: The societal impact of witnessing the psychological effects of war shifted attitudes towards mental health. Step 3: This increased acceptance paved the way for advancements in mental health care and reduced stigma. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it reflects the societal shift towards viewing mental illness as more common and acceptable. Summary: Choice B is incorrect as the biologic understanding of mental illness was not fully developed during World War II. Choice C is incorrect as deinstitutionalization was a later phenomenon, not directly related to the effects of World War II. Choice D is incorrect as the categorization of mental illnesses as psychoses or neuroses predates World War II and was not a direct effect of the war.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Interpersonal theories focus on human relationships as central to understanding behavior. Step 2: These theories emphasize how individuals interact and communicate with others. Step 3: Understanding human relationships is key to developing interpersonal skills. Step 4: Instincts (B) and drives (C) are more related to psychoanalytic theories. Step 5: Potential for goodness (D) is not a defining characteristic of interpersonal theories. Summary: Choice A is correct as it aligns with the core focus of interpersonal theories, while the other choices are more aligned with psychoanalytic theories.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (08:00). Lithium blood levels are typically drawn 12 hours after the last dose to ensure accuracy. Since the nurse administered the dose at 8 PM, the blood level should be checked at 8 AM the next day for accurate monitoring and adjustment of the dosage. Option A (22:00) is too soon after administration, option B (00:00) is not 12 hours after administration, and option C (04:00) is also not 12 hours after administration. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate time for obtaining a lithium blood level.