ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The pharmacological property of aspirin comes from its ability to inhibit the synthesis of :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin exerts its pharmacological effects by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules that play a key role in inflammation, pain, and fever. Specifically, aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is crucial for the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. By blocking COX, aspirin reduces the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, ultimately leading to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. This mechanism also accounts for aspirin's ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, which is why it is commonly used as an antithrombotic agent.
Question 2 of 5
The client receives diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to control allergic symptoms. Which common symptom does the nurse teach the client to report to the physician?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine's anticholinergic effects include urinary hesitancy , a serious symptom risking retention, needing physician reporting. Sedation is expected. Diarrhea and vomiting aren't typical. D prioritizes significant complications, making it the key symptom.
Question 3 of 5
Diazepam (Valium) is prescribed to a client with alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement "I'll have my physician lower my dosage once I start to feel okay" indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen because Diazepam is typically used as a short-term treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Once the client starts to feel okay, it is important to gradually taper off the medication under the guidance of a healthcare provider to prevent withdrawal symptoms. This demonstrates the client's understanding of the appropriate course of treatment and the need for medical supervision throughout the process.
Question 4 of 5
A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is known as a partial agonist. Affinity refers to the drug's ability to bind to a receptor, while intrinsic activity is the drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response. A partial agonist binds to the receptor with affinity but only activates the receptor to a partial extent compared to a full agonist. This results in a less potent response compared to a full agonist but also blocks the full agonist's effects, making it act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. In summary, a drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is classified as a partial agonist because it binds to the receptor and activates it but to a lesser extent than a full agonist.
Question 5 of 5
A mother asks the nurse when she should give her child cough medicine. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cough medicines, like dextromethorphan, suppress nonproductive (dry) coughs to aid rest, especially when sleep is disrupted . This targets symptomatic relief appropriately, avoiding overuse. Green secretions suggest infection, where suppressing cough could hinder clearance, requiring medical evaluation instead. Fever over 102°F indicates illness severity, not a cue for cough medicine alone. Bronchitis often involves productive cough, where suppressants are less suitable. The nurse's best response (D) aligns with cough suppressants' purpose—relieving dry, disruptive coughs—ensuring safe, targeted use for the child's comfort.