ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
The pharmacological properties of which one of the following medications is similar to Amphetamine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methylphenidate. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant, like amphetamine, used to treat ADHD. Both drugs increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Atomoxetine (B) is a non-stimulant used for ADHD. Lithium (C) is used for bipolar disorder and does not have stimulant properties. Haldol (D) is an antipsychotic medication with different mechanisms of action.
Question 2 of 5
A patient receives 200 mg of a medication that has a half-life of 12 hours. How many mg of the drug would remain in the patient's body after 24 hours? _____
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: After 24 hours, two half-lives of the medication have passed. Initially, 200 mg is halved to 100 mg after 12 hours (1st half-life), then halved again to 50 mg after another 12 hours (2nd half-life). Therefore, only 50 mg of the drug would remain after 24 hours. Summary of other choices: - B: 100 mg - Incorrect, this is the amount remaining after the first half-life, not after 24 hours. - C: 150 mg - Incorrect, this is not the correct calculation based on the drug's half-life. - D: 200 mg - Incorrect, the drug undergoes degradation over time due to its half-life, so the amount remaining after 24 hours is less than the initial dose of 200 mg.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of amphotericin B in the patient's disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pore formation in fungal cell membrane. Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal medication that works by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, leading to the formation of pores. This disrupts membrane integrity, causing leakage of intracellular components and ultimately cell death. This mechanism of action is specific to fungal cells, as mammalian cells contain cholesterol instead of ergosterol. Choice A is incorrect because amphotericin B does not activate fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes; instead, it disrupts the fungal cell membrane. Choice C is incorrect because amphotericin B does not inhibit fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Choice D is incorrect because amphotericin B does not inhibit fungal mitosis; its primary mechanism of action is through membrane disruption.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following skin structures was most likely the site of action of the prescribed drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stratum corneum. The drug most likely acted on the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, as it is responsible for drug absorption and penetration. The other layers (A, B, D) are deeper layers of the skin and are not primarily involved in drug action. The stratum basale (A) is the innermost layer responsible for cell division, the stratum spinosum (B) provides strength and flexibility, and the pigment layer (D) contains melanocytes responsible for skin color. Therefore, the stratum corneum is the most likely site for drug action due to its role in drug absorption and penetration.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for the treatment of asthma by relaxing bronchial muscles?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Albuterol. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing bronchial muscles, making it easier to breathe. It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of asthma to provide quick relief of symptoms. Prednisone (A) is a corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma but does not directly relax bronchial muscles. Ipratropium (C) is an anticholinergic medication that helps open the airways but does not primarily target bronchial muscle relaxation. Methotrexate (D) is an immunosuppressant used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not for asthma treatment.