ATI RN
Test Questions on Autonomic Nervous System MCAT Questions
Question 1 of 5
The peripheral, nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell. Also called sheath of Schwann.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The neurolemma (sheath of Schwann) is the outer cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells, aiding PNS axon regeneration. Axon conducts signals, oligodendrocytes are CNS glia, and depression is unrelated.
Question 2 of 5
The breakdown of Nissl bodies into finely granular masses in the cell body of a neuron whose axon has been damaged.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromatolysis is the breakdown of Nissl bodies (rough ER) in a neuron’s cell body after axon injury, indicating repair. Dendrites are neuron parts, neurology is a field, and satellite cells are PNS glia.
Question 3 of 5
An acute demyelinating disorder in which macrophages strip myelin from axons in the PNS.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a PNS demyelinating disorder causing paralysis. Parasympathetic is a system, PNS is broader, and neuropathy is a general term.
Question 4 of 5
A synaptic arrangement in which the synaptic end bulbs of one presynaptic neuron terminate on several postsynaptic neurons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Divergence is when one presynaptic neuron synapses on multiple postsynaptic neurons, amplifying signals. Epinephrine is a hormone, microtubules are structural, and nerve fiber is an axon.
Question 5 of 5
The resting membrane potential in most neurons is about -70 mV. What does this tell you?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A resting membrane potential of -70 mV means the inside of the neuron is more negative (due to K+ and anions) than the outside (Na+ dominant), maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.