The percentage of children with food allergy that experience severe anaphylactic reactions is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 25%. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the prevalence and severity of food allergies in children. Research indicates that approximately 25% of children with food allergies experience severe anaphylactic reactions, which can be life-threatening. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to provide timely and appropriate interventions to prevent and manage anaphylactic reactions in children under their care. Option A) 15% is incorrect because it underestimates the prevalence of severe anaphylactic reactions in children with food allergies. Option C) 35% and D) 45% are also incorrect as they overestimate the percentage, which could lead to potentially dangerous assumptions or inadequate preparedness in managing these reactions. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of severe anaphylactic reactions in children with food allergies helps nurses prioritize their care, provide education to families on prevention measures, and ensures readiness to intervene effectively in case of an emergency. This knowledge not only improves patient outcomes but also enhances the overall quality of pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In vivo skin testing for allergen-specific IgE is a common diagnostic tool used in pediatric nursing to identify allergies in children. The correct answer, D) not suppressed by antihistamines, is the exception among the given options. This is because in vivo skin testing is not affected by the use of antihistamines, unlike some other allergy testing methods. Option A) less expensive may seem like a good feature, but it is not the exception as in vivo skin testing is generally cost-effective compared to other allergy testing methods. Option B) greater sensitivity is a key feature of in vivo skin testing, making it a reliable diagnostic tool. Option C) wide allergen selection is another important feature, allowing healthcare providers to test for a variety of allergens in one sitting. From an educational perspective, understanding the features of in vivo skin testing is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them accurately diagnose and manage allergies in children. Knowing that this testing method is not affected by antihistamines is essential to ensure accurate results and appropriate treatment plans for pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for persistent asthma is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, B) allergic conjunctivitis, is not a recognized risk factor for persistent asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Atopic dermatitis (option A) is linked to asthma due to shared allergic mechanisms. Elevated total serum IgE levels in the first year of life (option C) are associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. Peripheral blood eosinophilia >4% in 2-3 year-olds (option D) is also a risk factor as eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response seen in asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common risk factors for pediatric asthma. By understanding these factors, nurses can provide targeted interventions and education to prevent asthma exacerbations and improve patient outcomes. It also emphasizes the need for thorough assessment and knowledge of pediatric respiratory conditions to deliver evidence-based care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is crucial. The correct answer is D) cow milk protein. Cow milk protein allergy is a common trigger for eczematous reactions in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis. Cow milk protein is a common allergen and can exacerbate skin issues in susceptible individuals. Option A) wheat is less commonly associated with eczematous reactions compared to cow milk protein. Option B) egg allergies can also trigger eczema but are not as prevalent as cow milk protein allergies in this context. Option C) fish allergies are more commonly associated with other types of allergic reactions rather than eczematous dermatitis in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common food allergens that can exacerbate skin conditions in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Nurses need to be aware of these associations to provide appropriate education to parents regarding dietary modifications and allergen avoidance to manage skin issues effectively. Understanding these relationships can improve patient outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) penicillin. Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to certain medications, with penicillin being the most common culprit. Penicillin is known to trigger an immune response resulting in the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to serum sickness symptoms. Option A) gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and is not commonly associated with serum sickness. Option B) ceftiaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is not a common trigger for serum sickness. Option D) carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication and is not typically implicated in serum sickness reactions. In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the common medications that can lead to adverse reactions like serum sickness is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about medication side effects, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity responses to promptly recognize and manage such situations in pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in ensuring the well-being and safety of pediatric patients under their care.