The percentage of childhood asthma cases that persist into adulthood is approximately

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) 30-50%. Childhood asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition that affects many children. Research has shown that approximately 30-50% of children with asthma continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. This is due to the complex nature of asthma, which can persist and evolve over time. Option A) 5-10% is incorrect because a higher percentage of childhood asthma cases persist into adulthood. Asthma is a chronic condition that often requires long-term management and can carry on into adulthood for a significant portion of affected individuals. Option B) 10-30% is also incorrect as it underestimates the prevalence of childhood asthma cases that persist into adulthood. Studies have consistently shown a higher proportion of individuals experiencing ongoing asthma symptoms beyond childhood. Option D) 50-70% is incorrect as it overestimates the percentage of childhood asthma cases that persist into adulthood. While asthma can continue into adulthood for a substantial number of individuals, the range of 30-50% is more accurate based on current research and epidemiological data. Educationally, understanding the persistence of childhood asthma into adulthood is crucial for healthcare providers, educators, and caregivers. Recognizing that a significant proportion of children with asthma may continue to require support and management in adulthood highlights the importance of early intervention, comprehensive care, and ongoing monitoring to improve long-term outcomes for individuals with asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding atopic dermatitis is crucial as it is a common skin condition in children. The correct answer is B) Herpes simplex. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can lead to skin barrier dysfunction, making individuals more susceptible to infections like herpes simplex. Herpes simplex can present with punched-out erosions, vesicles, and infected skin lesions in atopic dermatitis patients. Option A) Herpes zoster is incorrect because it typically presents as a painful rash in a dermatomal distribution, not as described in the question. Option C) cutaneous warts are caused by human papillomavirus and have a different appearance from the described lesions. Option D) Trichophyton rubrum is a fungus causing dermatophytosis, not the infection described in the question. Educationally, recognizing the clinical manifestations of different skin conditions in pediatric patients is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Understanding the specific characteristics of infections like herpes simplex in the context of atopic dermatitis helps nurses provide appropriate care and treatment for pediatric patients with skin issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) systemic reaction with positive skin test and negative in vitro test. In this scenario, venom immunotherapy is indicated when a patient experiences a systemic reaction (such as anaphylaxis) to an insect sting and has a positive skin test to the venom. The negative in vitro test indicates that the reaction is not due to a non-specific reactivity in the blood, further supporting the need for venom-specific immunotherapy. Option A is incorrect because a large local reaction, even with positive skin and in vitro tests, does not warrant venom immunotherapy as it does not indicate systemic involvement. Option B is incorrect as a generalized cutaneous reaction with a negative in vitro test suggests a localized allergic response rather than a systemic one. Option C is also incorrect as a positive in vitro test with a negative skin test is less indicative of the need for venom immunotherapy as it may not demonstrate a direct clinical correlation. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the criteria for initiating venom immunotherapy is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children with insect sting allergies. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of systemic reactions versus localized reactions, as well as interpreting skin and in vitro tests, is essential for appropriate management and prevention of severe allergic responses in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) systemic lupus erythematosus. Chronic urticaria refers to hives that persist for more than 6 weeks and can be associated with underlying systemic conditions like autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a common autoimmune disorder that can manifest with chronic urticaria due to the immune system's dysregulation. Option A) latex is a common allergen that can cause acute urticaria but is less likely to be the cause of chronic urticaria. Option C) IV immunoglobulin is a treatment for certain immune deficiencies and autoimmune diseases but is not a common cause of chronic urticaria. Option D) streptococcal pharyngitis is an infection caused by streptococcus bacteria and is more likely to present with symptoms like sore throat and fever, rather than chronic urticaria. In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the underlying causes of chronic urticaria is essential for providing comprehensive care to pediatric patients. Recognizing systemic conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus as a potential cause of chronic urticaria can aid in timely diagnosis and management, improving the overall health outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and diagnosing anaphylaxis in a child, the best diagnostic test for a child exposed to an allergen 3 hours before arriving at the hospital is plasma tryptase (option D). Plasma tryptase is the most reliable test for diagnosing anaphylaxis because it is a marker that is elevated during an acute allergic reaction. Tryptase levels rise quickly after the onset of anaphylaxis, making it a valuable tool in confirming the diagnosis in a child who presents with symptoms after allergen exposure. The other options are not the best diagnostic tests for anaphylaxis in this scenario. A) Plasma histamine levels can be elevated in anaphylaxis, but they are less specific and can fluctuate, making them less reliable for diagnosis. B) Skin tests are useful for identifying allergens that may trigger anaphylaxis in the future, but they are not typically used in the acute setting to diagnose anaphylaxis. C) Radioallergosorbent assay (RAST) is a blood test that measures IgE antibodies to specific allergens, but it is not as timely or specific as measuring plasma tryptase levels during an acute allergic reaction. In the educational context, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the most reliable and timely diagnostic tests for anaphylaxis in children to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing the importance of plasma tryptase in confirming anaphylaxis can help nurses provide appropriate and timely care to children experiencing severe allergic reactions.