The pediatric nurse cares for a patient who has undergone a hydrocele repair. While assessing the patient, the nurse notices that the scrotum is swollen and discolored. These findings are:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) normal, and indicate no need for intervention. In a pediatric patient who has undergone a hydrocele repair, swelling and discoloration of the scrotum are expected postoperative findings. This is due to the surgical procedure and the body's natural response to trauma. It is essential for the nurse to recognize these expected postoperative changes to provide appropriate care and prevent unnecessary interventions. Option A) suggesting the need for a cool compress is incorrect because applying cold therapy to the scrotum can potentially cause vasoconstriction and impair blood flow, which is not advisable in this situation. Option B) indicating the presence of hemorrhaging is incorrect as some degree of swelling and discoloration is normal after a hydrocele repair and does not necessarily indicate hemorrhage. Option D) stating the need for a position change is also incorrect as the swelling and discoloration in this case do not require a change in position but rather observation and reassurance to the patient and family. Educationally, understanding the expected postoperative findings following specific pediatric procedures is crucial for providing safe and effective nursing care. This knowledge helps nurses differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, thus guiding appropriate interventions and preventing unnecessary alarm or actions that could potentially harm the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) molar at 6 years. In pediatric dentistry, the first permanent teeth to erupt are the first molars, typically around 6 years of age. These molars are also known as the "6-year molars." This is a critical milestone in a child's dental development as it marks the transition from primary (baby) teeth to permanent teeth. Option A) central incisor at 6 years is incorrect because central incisors are typically the first primary teeth to erupt, not permanent teeth. Option C) premolar lower canine at 6-7 years and D) upper canine at 6-7 years are also incorrect as premolars and canines are typically the second set of permanent teeth to erupt, usually around 10-12 years of age. Understanding the sequence of tooth eruption is important for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, to provide appropriate anticipatory guidance to parents and caregivers. Knowing the expected timeline of tooth eruption helps in monitoring dental development and identifying any potential issues early on. It also aids in educating parents on proper oral hygiene practices and the importance of regular dental check-ups for their children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) spastic cerebral palsy. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, affecting around 70-80% of individuals with cerebral palsy. This type is characterized by muscle stiffness and tightness, affecting the ability to move and control limbs. Ataxic cerebral palsy (Option A) is characterized by poor coordination and balance issues, but it is less common than spastic cerebral palsy. Dystonic cerebral palsy (Option C) involves involuntary muscle contractions leading to twisting and repetitive movements. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (Option D) includes both dystonic and choreoathetoid movements. Understanding the different types of cerebral palsy is crucial for nurses, especially those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type helps in providing appropriate care and interventions tailored to the individual's needs. In the case of spastic cerebral palsy, interventions may focus on managing muscle tone, improving mobility, and enhancing quality of life for the child and their family.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct approach to the treatment of a 2-year-old who ingested kerosene and is presenting with symptoms like coughing and tachypnea is to provide supportive care and manage symptoms. Therefore, the best approach is not listed among the options provided. In this scenario, immediate medical attention is crucial to address potential respiratory distress and prevent further complications. Option A) inducing emesis is not recommended due to the risk of aspiration, which can worsen the respiratory symptoms and cause additional harm. Option B) performing nasogastric tube lavage is invasive and not typically indicated in cases of hydrocarbon ingestion. Option C) instilling mineral oil is not supported by evidence and may lead to aspiration or other complications. Option D) administering steroids is not indicated in the acute management of hydrocarbon ingestion in a pediatric patient. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the dangers of hydrocarbon ingestion in children and the need for prompt and appropriate medical intervention in such cases. It emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers in managing pediatric emergencies effectively and underscores the significance of evidence-based practice in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about developmental stages of preschool children on the NCLEX RN exam, the correct answer is D) masturbation. Preschool children typically do not engage in masturbation as a normal developmental behavior. A) Handedness being achieved by 3 years of age is correct as most children establish a hand preference by this age. B) Boys being later than girls in achieving bladder control is also true due to differences in physical development. C) Knowing gender by 4 years is accurate as children typically have a solid understanding of their gender identity by this age. It is essential for nurses to understand typical developmental milestones in children to assess for any delays or abnormalities. By knowing what behaviors are expected at certain ages, healthcare providers can intervene early if there are any concerns. Understanding these developmental norms also helps nurses educate parents on what to expect and how to support their child's growth and development.