ATI RN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: - Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis. - Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria. - Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance. - Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture. Summary: - Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis. - Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions. - Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, PCO2 30, HCO3 20. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated. The pH is elevated (alkalosis) at 7.45. The low PCO2 of 30 indicates respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 level of 20 is slightly below normal, indicating metabolic compensation. The body has compensated for the respiratory alkalosis by reducing the HCO3 level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the given ABG results. A (Metabolic acidosis, compensated) would have low pH and HCO3 levels. C (Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated) would have high pH and HCO3 levels. D (Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated) would have high PCO2 and low pH.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, not the right. Decreased pH, increased temperature, and increased 2,3 DPG all shift the curve to the right by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues.
Question 5 of 5
Before administering ephedrine, Nurse Tony assesses the patient's history. Because of ephedrine's central nervous system (CNS) effects, it is not recommended for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elderly patients. Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine, can exacerbate existing CNS conditions in elderly patients, leading to adverse effects like confusion, agitation, and increased risk of falls. Elderly patients are more sensitive to CNS stimulants due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and clearance, making them more susceptible to negative effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because patients with acute asthma attacks may benefit from ephedrine's bronchodilator effects, patients with narcolepsy may benefit from its stimulant properties, and age alone is not a contraindication for ephedrine use.