ATI RN
Immune System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient underwent an allograft renal transplant 48 hours earlier and is showing signs of rejection. What drug would the nurse expect the physician to order?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muromonab. Muromonab is a monoclonal antibody that targets T cells, suppressing the immune response and preventing rejection in organ transplant patients. It is used for acute rejection episodes. B: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist used for autoimmune diseases, not transplant rejection. C: Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressive drug used for maintenance therapy in transplant patients but not for acute rejection. D: Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor used for maintenance immunosuppression, not for acute rejection.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult woman taking immune modulating medications who has been advised to use barrier contraceptives but she wants to start her family. What information can the nurse provide about these drugs to help this patient with her decision-making?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct. The nurse should advise the patient to discuss her desire to start a family with her healthcare provider. By doing so, the provider can assess the risks, adjust the medication regimen if necessary, and provide guidance on how to proceed safely during pregnancy. B: Incorrect. Discontinuing immune modulating drugs abruptly can have negative consequences on the patient's health. It is important to have a healthcare provider manage any necessary adjustments to the medication. C: Incorrect. While some immune modulating drugs may have potential risks during pregnancy, not all are highly teratogenic. Each drug should be evaluated individually. D: Incorrect. While pregnancy may require adjustments to the medication regimen, it is not necessarily ruled out as an option. Adoption is a personal choice and should not be presented as the only alternative.
Question 3 of 5
During routine prenatal testing, a patient is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To help prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the fetus, what is the nurse's best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing education about antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is crucial in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of transmission from mother to fetus. By educating the patient about the benefits and importance of adhering to antiretroviral therapy, the nurse empowers the patient to make informed decisions for the health of the fetus. Choice A is incorrect because while support groups are important for emotional support, they do not directly address preventing perinatal transmission. Choice B is incorrect as educating about risks alone without providing specific preventive measures is not sufficient. Choice C is incorrect as notifying the CDC is not within the nurse's scope and does not directly impact prevention for this patient.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse advises human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients about blood draws to obtain a CD4+ count. What is the correct information to give them about when and how this laboratory blood work should be done?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because obtaining CD4+ counts at the same laboratory and around the same time of day whenever possible ensures consistency in results. This consistency is important for tracking disease progression and treatment efficacy. Choice B, fasting, is irrelevant to CD4+ counts. Choice C, after taking antiretroviral medications, may affect the results due to potential drug interference. Choice D, any laboratory at any time, lacks consistency and may lead to inaccurate comparisons over time. Thus, choice A is the most appropriate for accurate monitoring of HIV-positive patients.
Question 5 of 5
Which virus has been associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (Epstein-Barr virus) - Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to its ability to induce uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in immunocompromised individuals. EBV is known to cause PTLD in transplant recipients. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cytomegalovirus) - Although cytomegalovirus can cause complications in transplant recipients, it is not directly associated with PTLD. B (Herpes simplex virus) - Herpes simplex virus does not typically cause PTLD in transplant recipients. D (Human immunodeficiency virus) - HIV can lead to immunosuppression, but it is not directly linked to PTLD.