ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 h. The nurse calculates that this weight loss is equivalent to how many liters (L) of fluid given that each kilogram of weight loss is equivalent to 1 L of fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate the amount of fluid loss in liters, we need to convert the weight loss from pounds to kilograms (1 kg = 2.2 lbs). 5.5 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 2.5 kg. Since each kilogram of weight loss is equivalent to 1 L of fluid, the patient lost 2.5 L of fluid in 24 hours. Therefore, the correct answer is D: 2.5 L. Choice A (1 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not just 1 kg. Choice B (1.5 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not 1.5 kg. Choice C (2.0 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not 2 kg.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse assesses the patient's IV insertion site and observes that the vein is hard, the skin is red and tender, and a blood return in the IV line. After removing the IV catheter, which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Apply a warm moist pack. Rationale: 1. The symptoms described suggest phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. 2. Applying a warm moist pack helps to promote vasodilation and increase blood flow, aiding in the resolution of inflammation. 3. Warmth can also help to alleviate pain and discomfort associated with phlebitis. Summary: A: Obtaining an arm board is unnecessary for phlebitis and does not address the inflammation. B: Elevating the arm above the heart may help reduce swelling but does not directly address the inflammation. C: Cleaning the site and applying cool compresses are not recommended for phlebitis as cold may exacerbate the condition.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with renal failure and notes fatigue, muscle cramps, confusion, and headache. Which laboratory abnormality corresponds with these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium of 129 mEq/L. In renal failure, hyponatremia (low sodium) can cause fatigue, muscle cramps, confusion, and headache. Low sodium levels can lead to neurological symptoms and muscle weakness. Other choices are incorrect: A: Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness but not confusion or headache. C: Hypocalcemia can cause muscle cramps but not confusion. D: Hypochloremia is not associated with the described symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A normal glomerular filtration rate is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (80 to 125 mL/min) because it falls within the normal range of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adults, which is typically around 90-120 mL/min. GFR represents the amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli per minute and serves as an essential indicator of kidney function. Option A is incorrect as a GFR below 60 mL/min is indicative of kidney dysfunction. Option C is incorrect as a GFR of 125-180 mL/min is considered above the normal range. Option D is incorrect as a GFR exceeding 189 mL/min could indicate hyperfiltration, often seen in conditions like diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
The most common cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: sepsis. Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients due to systemic inflammation and decreased blood flow to the kidneys. Sepsis can lead to septic shock, causing renal hypoperfusion. Fluid overload (B) can contribute to kidney injury but is not the most common cause. Medications (C) can cause kidney injury, but sepsis is more prevalent in critically ill patients. Hemodynamic instability (D) can lead to kidney injury, but sepsis is a more frequent cause in this population.