The patient shown is suffering from a disease called caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acromegaly from pituitary hGH excess in adulthood causes bone thickening, not goiter (thyroid), Graves' (thyroid), Cushing's (cortisol), or gigantism (childhood). This distinguishes acromegaly's adult phenotype, critical for diagnosis, contrasting with childhood growth or thyroid disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine, not cortical zones (glomerulosa: aldosterone, fasciculata: cortisol, reticularis: androgens). This distinguishes catecholamine production, key to acute stress, contrasting with steroid zones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Endocrine signaling uses blood vessels to transport hormones (e.g., cortisol) to targets, enabling systemic effects. Neurons signal electrically/chemically, not via blood transport distinct system. Ducts are exocrine (e.g., sweat glands), not endocrine. Membranes facilitate receptor binding, not transport. Blood vessels' role distinguishes endocrine reach, critical for widespread regulation, unlike neural, exocrine, or cellular mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Negative feedback controls most endocrine secretions (e.g., high cortisol suppresses ACTH), maintaining homeostasis excess inhibits production. Positive feedback (e.g., oxytocin in labor) is rare, amplifying. Neural feedback is specific (e.g., medulla), not broad. Hormonal is a type, not the system. Negative feedback distinguishes endocrine stability, key to regulation, unlike amplifying or partial mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypothalamus produces ADH (water) and oxytocin (labor), stored/released by posterior pituitary neurohypophyseal pair. Aldosterone is adrenal, not hypothalamic. Prolactin is anterior pituitary, not posterior. Cortisol is adrenal cortex, unrelated. ADH-oxytocin duo distinguishes posterior pituitary function, key to hypothalamic delivery, unlike adrenal or anterior hormones.