ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient's serum creatinine level is 0.7 mg/dL. The expected BUN level should be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (7 to 14 mg/dL) because the normal BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) to creatinine ratio is typically around 10:1. With a serum creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL, the expected BUN level should be around 7 to 14 mg/dL. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the normal BUN to creatinine ratio and would not be expected based on the given serum creatinine level.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. The nurse prepares to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate. In this case, the patient has metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate), likely due to renal failure. Administering sodium bicarbonate can help correct the acidosis and improve the patient's condition. Choices A and B are incorrect because the primary issue is metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis requiring intubation. Canceling dialysis, as in choice D, would not address the underlying metabolic acidosis and could worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, the most appropriate action is to administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate to correct the acid-base imbalance.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with lung cancer has received oxycodone 10 mg orally for pain. When the student nurse assesses the patient, which finding would the nurse instruct the student nurse to report immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression. Step 2: Respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min is dangerously low. Step 3: A low respiratory rate can lead to hypoxia and respiratory failure. Step 4: Immediate reporting is crucial to prevent further complications. Summary: Choice B is correct because a respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min indicates severe respiratory depression, which requires urgent intervention to prevent respiratory failure. Choices A, C, and D are important findings but do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk like respiratory depression.
Question 4 of 5
Which patient would the charge nurse assign to the step-down unit nurse who was floated to the intensive care unit for the day?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with COPD and normal blood gas values, who is ventilator dependent, is the most stable among the options. This patient's condition indicates that they are likely stable and may require routine ventilator care. The other options involve more critical conditions such as narcotic overdose with respiratory alkalosis, diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin drip, and acute respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis, which would require more specialized care and frequent assessments. Assigning the float nurse to the most stable patient allows them to focus on providing safe and effective care while being in an unfamiliar environment like the ICU.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following does NOT represent a possible output from the internal body pool?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: lungs. The internal body pool refers to the body's reservoir of nutrients and substances that can be mobilized and utilized as needed. Skeletal muscle (A), digestive tract (C), and sweat (D) all represent potential outputs from this pool as they contain various nutrients and substances that can be utilized by the body. However, the lungs (B) primarily function in the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and do not serve as a significant source of nutrients or substances for the body. Therefore, the lungs do not represent a possible output from the internal body pool.