The patient s plan of care includes using the continuous passive motion (CPM) machine. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A CPM machine gently flexes and extends a joint post-surgery, like a knee replacement, to prevent stiffness and promote healing. The statement about resetting it to go faster and flex more suggests misunderstanding, as the machine's settings are calibrated by professionals to optimize recovery without overstraining the joint. Too much speed or flexion could damage tissues or delay healing. The other statements reflect humor, acceptance of rest periods, or comfort with the device, aligning with its use. Further teaching is needed to clarify that adjusting the CPM independently risks harm, emphasizing the importance of following prescribed parameters for safe, effective rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Intense pain, fever (102°F), and swelling at a fracture site in traction point to osteomyelitis, a bone infection possibly from pin sites or open injury, common in such setups. The acute inflammatory signs fit this diagnosis, requiring urgent antibiotics or surgery. Fat embolism causes respiratory distress and petechiae, not localized swelling and fever. Traction misalignment might cause pain but not systemic fever or such swelling. Nonunion is a chronic failure to heal, not an acute febrile state. Osteomyelitis matches the sudden, severe presentation, demanding immediate attention to prevent bone damage or sepsis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The prime mover, also called the agonist, is the muscle primarily responsible for generating a specific movement. For example, in knee extension, the quadriceps act as the prime mover. Deep refers to muscle location, not function. Antagonist opposes the prime mover, while synergists assist it, neither being the main force. The prime mover's role as the dominant muscle in producing movement is a core principle in kinesiology, making it the correct answer. This term encapsulates the muscle that drives the action, distinguishing it from supporting or opposing muscles, and its significance is evident in every coordinated motion, from lifting to walking.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Circular fascicle arrangements, like those in the orbicularis oris or sphincters, are designed to control the opening or closing of orifices (e.g., mouth, anus) under voluntary or involuntary contraction. Their ring-like structure constricts or relaxes to regulate passage. Pennate fascicles (feather-like) maximize force, not orifice control. Triangular (e.g., pectoralis major) spread force broadly, not circularly. Parallel fascicles (e.g., sartorius) produce linear movement, not sphincter action. Circular arrangement is the correct answer, as it uniquely enables the constriction needed for orifice regulation, a critical function in muscles governing entry or exit points in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pronation (palm down) and supination (palm up) are unique to the upper limbs, enabled by the radius rotating over the ulna, a feature absent in the lower limbs due to fixed tibia-fibula alignment. Flexion/extension (e.g., knee bending) and adduction/abduction (e.g., leg spreading) occur in both upper and lower limbs. Lateral/medial rotation happens at the hip and shoulder, not distinguishing them. Pronation and supination are the correct answer, as they're exclusive to forearm anatomy, reflecting a key functional difference between upper and lower limb mobility critical for tasks like turning a doorknob.