The patient returned from a 6-week mission trip to Somalia with complaints of nausea, malaise, fatigue, and achy muscles. Which type of hepatitis is this patient most likely to have contracted?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hepatitis E (HEV). The patient's symptoms of nausea, malaise, fatigue, and muscle aches are consistent with acute hepatitis, and HEV is commonly transmitted through contaminated water in developing countries like Somalia. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are more commonly transmitted through blood or body fluids. Hepatitis D (HDV) requires HBV for replication, making it less likely in this case. In summary, based on the patient's symptoms and travel history, Hepatitis E (HEV) is the most likely cause of the illness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the patient typically has up to four small abdominal incisions that are covered with small dressings. This is because laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure involving small incisions, which do not require extensive wound care. The incisions are small and usually heal well with minimal scarring. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks - This is not part of the immediate postoperative plan of care. Patients may need more time to recover before returning to work. B: Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively - Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy typically have a shorter hospital stay, usually 1 to 2 days, not 3 to 5 days. C: Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage - This is not typically done after a laparoscopic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because obesity and type 1 diabetes are known risk factors for developing gallstones. Obesity leads to increased cholesterol production in the liver, which can contribute to gallstone formation. Type 1 diabetes can also increase the risk of gallstones due to impaired gallbladder function. Both factors combined in the 50-year-old obese Mexican American woman put her at the highest risk for developing gallstones. Choice A is less likely as long-term corticosteroid use for asthma is not a major risk factor for gallstones. Choice B, smoking, is a risk factor but not as significant as obesity and diabetes in this context. Choice C, recent radiation treatment and being underweight, are not as strongly associated with gallstone formation compared to obesity and diabetes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. The esophagus is supported by a layer of adventitia, which is a connective tissue layer, instead of serosa, a serous membrane. The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, where it is surrounded by connective tissue rather than a serous membrane like the other choices. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are all intraperitoneal organs, meaning they are covered by a serosa layer. The esophagus, being a retroperitoneal organ, lacks a serosa layer and is instead supported by adventitia. This structural difference is important for understanding the anatomy and function of these organs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: propulsion. Propulsion is the process of moving food along the alimentary canal through peristalsis, which is the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the digestive tract. This process occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Ingestion (choice A) occurs at the beginning of the digestive process when food enters the mouth. Segmentation (choice C) is a mixing movement that occurs mainly in the small intestine to aid in digestion. Absorption (choice D) takes place primarily in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore, propulsion is the correct answer as it is the continuous movement of food along the digestive tract.