ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient is scheduled to receive a medication that is an enzyme inducer of the P450 system. What best describes the effect of this medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P450 enzyme inducer (e.g., rifampin) speeds metabolism of itself and other drugs, reducing its own effect over time as levels drop faster, requiring dose adjustments. No effect on others is extreme-some drugs' metabolism increases, lowering their effect. Increased effects suggest inhibition, not induction. Self-induction lowers efficacy, a pharmacokinetic principle affecting long-term use.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is being discharged on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse will include in the patient- education conversation that it is important to avoid herbal products that contain which substance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo is known to have anticoagulant properties that can interact with and enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Therefore, patients taking anticoagulant therapy should avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent excessive anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding complications. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on potential herb-drug interactions to ensure their safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A patient receiving a targeted therapy asks the nurse why St. John's wort must be avoided. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: St. John's wort induces the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which metabolize many targeted therapies. This can lead to decreased blood levels of the targeted therapy, reducing its effectiveness. Patients should be advised to avoid St. John's wort to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes. The other options are incorrect because St. John's wort does not increase blood levels of targeted therapies, cause overdose, or bind with drugs in the intestinal tract.
Question 4 of 5
Which patient would benefit from administration of simvastatin (Zocor) 80 mg?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In general, the maximum recommended dose of simvastatin is 40 mg daily due to an increased risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, at higher doses. However, in certain cases, especially for patients who have been tolerating and responding well to simvastatin 40 mg for an extended period without experiencing myopathy, increasing the dose to 80 mg may be considered. Patients who have been taking simvastatin for 12 months with no evidence of myopathy are likely to benefit from the higher dose in terms of better lipid control. It is important to monitor closely for any signs or symptoms of myopathy even with the 80 mg dose.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving amphotericin B for a fungal infection. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B, an antifungal, is nephrotoxic , damaging renal tubules and reducing GFR, a severe effect needing close monitoring (e.g., creatinine, urine output) to adjust dosing or hydration. Ototoxicity , hepatotoxicity , and cardiotoxicity are less common. Nephrotoxicity's frequency and severity align with amphotericin's membrane-binding mechanism, critical in fungal infections where prolonged use is typical, making A the priority to monitor for renal protection.