ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient is scheduled to receive a medication that is an enzyme inducer of the P450 system. What best describes the effect of this medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P450 enzyme inducer (e.g., rifampin) speeds metabolism of itself and other drugs, reducing its own effect over time as levels drop faster, requiring dose adjustments. No effect on others is extreme-some drugs' metabolism increases, lowering their effect. Increased effects suggest inhibition, not induction. Self-induction lowers efficacy, a pharmacokinetic principle affecting long-term use.
Question 2 of 5
The client takes calcium supplements. What is the best instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium absorbs best with food-e.g., fat aids uptake, per pharmacokinetics-unlike empty stomach. Insomnia isn't typical-constipation is. Vitamin D matters-enhances absorption. Meal timing optimizes use, per guidance.
Question 3 of 5
A 59-year-old man with a long history of cardiac arrhythmia is maintained on procainamide. He presents to his primary care physician complaining of malaise, fevers, and nausea. Physical examination reveals a bilateral malar rash with erythema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Procainamide can induce a lupus-like syndrome . Symptoms (malaise, fever, nausea) and malar rash mimic SLE, a known side effect due to drug-induced autoantibodies. Contact dermatitis lacks systemic features. Sun reaction or discoid lupus don't fit the drug link. Collagen disease (E) is vague. This reversible syndrome resolves with discontinuation, distinguishing it from primary lupus.
Question 4 of 5
A 43-year-old man undergoes a kidney transplantation. His physician prescribes azathioprine for graft rejection prophylaxis. His past medical history is significant for gouty arthritis. Which of the following antigout drugs should he avoid while taking azathioprine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Azathioprine, metabolized by xanthine oxidase, interacts with allopurinol , which inhibits this enzyme. This raises azathioprine levels, risking toxicity. Colchicine , Indomethacin , and Prednisolone don't affect this pathway. Probenecid (E) is safe. Avoiding allopurinol prevents immunosuppression complications.
Question 5 of 5
A 23-year-old man victim of a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department. He is found to have a blood alcohol level of 850 mg/dL. Because of the way the body handles ethanol, the conventional 'half-life' to describe its metabolism does not apply. Which of the following drugs at therapeutic concentrations exhibits the same property?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ethanol's zero-order metabolism matches phenytoin , saturating enzymes at therapeutic levels. Aspirin , ibuprofen , simvastatin , and valproic acid (E) follow first-order kinetics. Phenytoin's fixed-rate clearance mirrors ethanol's.