The patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy period the INR value for the patient today is 1.5. In response to this, what will you do?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Answer D: 1. INR value of 1.5 indicates low anticoagulation, below the therapeutic range of 2-3. 2. To increase INR, additional dose of warfarin is needed. 3. Adjusting dose based on INR helps maintain therapeutic anticoagulation. 4. Monitoring and adjusting warfarin dosage based on INR is standard practice. Summary of other choices: A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not address the low INR value and the need to increase anticoagulation therapy with an additional dose of warfarin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is an inflammatory marker that increases in response to inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Elevated CRP levels indicate increased risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Homocysteine (A) is a marker for cardiovascular disease but not specific to atherosclerosis. LDL (C) is a direct measure of cholesterol levels, not plaque. ESR (D) is a non-specific marker for inflammation and does not directly indicate atherosclerotic plaque.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes tamoxifen into its active form, endoxifen. Poor metabolizers of tamoxifen may have reduced efficacy and increased risk of therapeutic failure. Testing for CYP2D6 variants can help identify these individuals. Choice B is incorrect because adverse drug reactions are not directly related to CYP2D6 metabolism. Choice C is incorrect as CYP2D6 testing does not assess for drug interactions. Choice D is incorrect as poor metabolizers may experience therapeutic failure due to reduced metabolism, not increased likelihood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Hepatitis B) because it is the most commonly known hepatitis virus to be sexually transmitted due to its presence in blood, semen, and other bodily fluids. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through blood contact, not commonly through sexual activity. Hepatitis D is only seen in individuals already infected with Hepatitis B. Therefore, Hepatitis B is the most likely to be transmitted sexually compared to the other options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta one selective. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that selectively targets beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. This specificity minimizes side effects compared to nonselective beta-blockers. Choice A is incorrect because metoprolol does not primarily act as an A1 antagonist. Choice C is incorrect as metoprolol is not nonselective and does not block alpha receptors. Choice D is incorrect because metoprolol does not block alpha receptors at all.