The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. The nurse prepares to

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate. In this case, the patient has metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate), likely due to renal failure. Administering sodium bicarbonate can help correct the acidosis and improve the patient's condition. Choices A and B are incorrect because the primary issue is metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis requiring intubation. Canceling dialysis, as in choice D, would not address the underlying metabolic acidosis and could worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, the most appropriate action is to administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate to correct the acid-base imbalance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with COPD and normal blood gas values, who is ventilator dependent, is the most stable among the options. This patient's condition indicates that they are likely stable and may require routine ventilator care. The other options involve more critical conditions such as narcotic overdose with respiratory alkalosis, diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin drip, and acute respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis, which would require more specialized care and frequent assessments. Assigning the float nurse to the most stable patient allows them to focus on providing safe and effective care while being in an unfamiliar environment like the ICU.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: lungs. The internal body pool refers to the body's reservoir of nutrients and substances that can be mobilized and utilized as needed. Skeletal muscle (A), digestive tract (C), and sweat (D) all represent potential outputs from this pool as they contain various nutrients and substances that can be utilized by the body. However, the lungs (B) primarily function in the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and do not serve as a significant source of nutrients or substances for the body. Therefore, the lungs do not represent a possible output from the internal body pool.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because body fluids encompass more than just water, including substances like sweat. Sweat is an example of body fluid that is not solely composed of water but also contains electrolytes and other solutes. This distinction is important because body fluids are not limited to pure water but consist of various components that serve different functions in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the comprehensive nature of body fluids. Choice A focuses on internal body cavities, which are still considered part of the body, while choice C incorrectly states that body fluid is lipid-based, and choice D oversimplifies body fluids as just water and solutes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: interstitial. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid found in the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain's ventricles and functions to cushion the brain, provide nutrients, and remove waste. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds cells in the body, providing them with nutrients and removing waste. Cerebrospinal fluid is similar to interstitial fluid in composition and function, making it an example of interstitial fluid. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because intracellular fluid is inside cells, transcellular fluid is found in body cavities like synovial fluid, and lymph is a fluid in the lymphatic system, not comparable to cerebrospinal fluid.