The patient is complaining of severe flank pain when he tries to urinate. His urinalysis shows sediment and crystals along with a few bacteria. Using this information along with the clinical picture, the nurse realizes that the patient's condition is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: postrenal. The patient's symptoms of severe flank pain while trying to urinate, along with sediment and crystals in the urine, suggest a urinary tract obstruction (postrenal). This obstruction is likely causing the patient's pain and urinary symptoms. A: prerenal refers to issues before the kidneys, such as decreased blood flow. C: intrarenal refers to issues within the kidneys, like infection or inflammation. D: not renal related is incorrect as the symptoms clearly point to a renal issue. In summary, based on the clinical presentation and urinalysis findings, a postrenal cause is most likely the reason for the patient's symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement "I will drink coffee and cola drinks throughout the day" indicates a lack of understanding regarding proper hydration. Coffee and cola drinks contain caffeine, which can lead to increased fluid loss and exacerbate dehydration. It is important to educate the patient that these beverages are not suitable for maintaining proper hydration levels. Choice A is not the best indicator for additional teaching as it shows the patient's intention to drink an adequate amount of fluids daily. Choice B, while not ideal, still acknowledges the importance of drinking water when thirsty. Choice D is also not the best indicator for additional teaching as it demonstrates the patient's awareness of avoiding alcohol-containing drinks, which can contribute to dehydration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because administering furosemide 40 mg IV push is the priority intervention for a patient with symptoms of fluid overload, such as weight gain, edema, and crackles. Furosemide is a potent diuretic that will help reduce fluid volume in the body, including the lungs, improving respiratory status. Weighing the patient, fluid restriction, and maintaining accurate intake and output records are important but secondary interventions compared to addressing the immediate issue of fluid overload. Options A and B do not provide a clear rationale for their choices, making them incorrect. Option D is incomplete.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Renal function does not represent a possible source of input for the internal body pool because it refers to the excretory system's function of filtering waste and excess substances from the blood, rather than introducing substances into the body. Inhalation introduces gases or particles into the body through the respiratory system. Intravenous injection delivers substances directly into the bloodstream. Absorption through the skin allows substances to enter the body through the skin barrier. Renal function involves filtering and eliminating substances from the body, making it the only choice that does not add to the internal body pool.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ethnicity. Body water content is primarily determined by physiological factors, such as sex, age, and body composition. Ethnicity does not directly affect body water content as it is not a physiological factor. Sex can influence body water content due to hormonal differences, age affects it due to changes in body composition and metabolism, and body composition, such as muscle mass and fat percentage, can also impact body water content. Therefore, ethnicity is the factor that does NOT determine body water content.