ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue, along with a decreased urinary output. The patient's urinalysis shows coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria. The nurse determines that the patient has:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: intrarenal disease, probably acute tubular necrosis. This is indicated by the presence of coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria in the urinalysis. 1. Coarse, muddy brown granular casts suggest renal tubular damage, characteristic of acute tubular necrosis (ATN). 2. Hematuria indicates damage to the glomerulus or tubules, supporting an intrarenal cause. 3. General malaise, fatigue, and decreased urinary output are common symptoms of ATN due to impaired kidney function. 4. Choices A and B are incorrect because prerenal conditions and postrenal obstruction would not typically present with the specific urinalysis findings seen in this case. 5. Choice D is incorrect as a urinary tract infection typically presents with different symptoms and urinalysis findings. In summary, the presence of specific urinalysis findings and symptoms points towards an intrarenal cause, specifically acute tubular necrosis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is admitting an older adult patient to the acute care medical unit. Which assessment factor alerts the nurse that this patient has a risk for
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic renal insufficiency. Older adults with chronic renal insufficiency are at risk for base imbalances due to impaired kidney function affecting acid-base balance. This condition can lead to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Choice A, base imbalances, is not a direct assessment factor but rather a consequence of underlying conditions like chronic renal insufficiency. Choice B, history of myocardial infarction 1 year ago, may increase the risk of cardiac complications but is not directly related to base imbalances. Choice D, shortness of breath with extreme exertion, may indicate respiratory or cardiac issues but does not directly correlate with base imbalances.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is completing a history for an older patient at risk for an acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes relevant questions to assess risk factors related to acidosis in an older patient. Asking about breathing problems, medications, activity intolerance, drowsiness, decreased alertness, dizziness, and tinnitus helps identify potential causes or symptoms of acidosis. Choices B and C do not cover all key areas of concern for acidosis assessment, such as breathing problems and dizziness. Choice D is incorrect because drowsiness and bowel movements can be relevant to acidosis evaluation in older adults.
Question 4 of 5
What state will the body be in if the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance is less than its metabolic utilization and excretion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Ingestion and metabolic synthesis less than utilization and excretion result in a deficit. Step 2: A negative balance occurs when there is a deficit in the body's overall substance levels. Step 3: Negative balance indicates that the body is losing more of the substance than it is gaining. Therefore, choice C (negative balance) is correct as it accurately describes the state of the body in this scenario. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the concept of a deficit in substance levels as seen in a negative balance.
Question 5 of 5
Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: skeleton. Bones have the lowest percentage of water content compared to other tissues. Bones are composed of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphorus, which make up a significant portion of their structure. Adipose tissue (B) contains a higher percentage of water due to its role in storing fat. Muscle tissue (C) has a moderate water content as it is composed of water, proteins, and other substances. Blood (A) has the highest percentage of water among the choices due to its liquid nature and functions in transportation and circulation.