The patient is admitted to the unit with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. The patient is started on intravenous (IV) fluids and IV mannitol. What action by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient's lungs. In rhabdomyolysis, muscle breakdown leads to the release of myoglobin which can cause renal damage. IV fluids and mannitol are given to prevent kidney injury. Assessing the patient's lungs is important to monitor for potential complications such as pulmonary edema, a serious side effect of mannitol therapy. This assessment will help the nurse detect any signs of respiratory distress early on, allowing for prompt intervention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Assess the patient's hearing - This is not directly related to the treatment of rhabdomyolysis and mannitol administration. C: Decrease IV fluids once the diuretic has been administered - Decreasing IV fluids prematurely can lead to inadequate hydration and worsen kidney function. D: Give extra doses before giving radiological contrast agents - This is not indicated in the treatment of rhabdomyolysis and can potentially harm the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Clonic seizures are characterized by rhythmic jerking movements. Step 2: Apnea is the cessation of breathing. Step 3: Generalized clonic seizures associated with apnea can lead to hypoxemia (low oxygen in the blood). Step 4: Hypoxemia can result in lactic acidosis due to anaerobic metabolism. Conclusion: The correct answer is A because the patient experiencing generalized clonic seizures associated with periods of apnea is at risk for hypoxemia and subsequent lactic acidosis. Summary of other choices: B: Being alert is important but not directly related to the patient's condition. C: Base imbalance options are not relevant to the scenario provided. D: While lactic acidosis is mentioned, this choice does not directly address the association between clonic seizures, apnea, hypoxemia, and lactic acidosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the balance and regulation of internal conditions within an organism, including the input and output of substances. It ensures stability and optimal functioning. Choice A is incorrect because the balance concept is too vague and does not specifically refer to substances. Choice C, metabolic pool, is incorrect as it relates to the total amount of a substance in an organism, not the relationship between input and output. Choice D, body reserves, refers to stored resources, not the relationship between input and output.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: amount of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue contains less water compared to muscle tissue, so individuals with higher adipose tissue percentages will have lower body water percentages. This influences overall body water content among individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while total muscle mass and vasopressin secretion do play a role in body water regulation, they are not the primary factors influencing variation in body water percentage among individuals. Drinking habits also affect hydration levels but are not the primary determinant of body water percentage variability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intracellular fluid. This is because the majority of water in the body is found inside the cells, which make up the intracellular fluid compartment. This is where most of the body's metabolic processes occur. Synovial fluid (A), plasma (B), and interstitial fluid (C) contain smaller percentages of water compared to intracellular fluid. Synovial fluid is found in joints, plasma is the liquid part of blood, and interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells in tissues. Therefore, intracellular fluid holds the largest percentage of water in the body.