ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 2 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient is admitted to the hospital in chronic renal failure and is on several medications. What best describes the nurse's assessment of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic renal failure impairs kidney excretion, critical for drugs cleared renally-like metformin-raising toxicity risk if doses aren't adjusted, a targeted concern. Liver compensation aids metabolism, not excretion, so effectiveness isn't assured. Toxicity from all drugs assumes universal renal clearance, too broad. Decreased effectiveness ignores accumulation risks. Assessing for renal-excreted drugs' toxicity aligns with kidney function's role, ensuring safety by checking specific drug profiles.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following adverse effects is specific to the biguanide diabetic drug metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactic acidosis is an adverse effect specific to the biguanide diabetic drug metformin. It is a rare but serious complication associated with the use of metformin. Lactic acidosis occurs when there is a buildup of lactate in the body, leading to a decrease in pH levels. This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms of lactic acidosis include rapid breathing, muscle pain or weakness, abdominal pain, dizziness, and irregular heartbeat. It is important for individuals taking metformin to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis and seek medical help if they experience them.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is admitted to the hospital in chronic renal failure and is on several medications. What best describes the nurse's assessment of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic renal failure impairs kidney excretion, critical for drugs cleared renally-like metformin-raising toxicity risk if doses aren't adjusted, a targeted concern. Liver compensation aids metabolism, not excretion, so effectiveness isn't assured. Toxicity from all drugs assumes universal renal clearance, too broad. Decreased effectiveness ignores accumulation risks. Assessing for renal-excreted drugs' toxicity aligns with kidney function's role, ensuring safety by checking specific drug profiles.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) has been admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding. The history and physical examination indicates that the patient may have taken too much warfarin. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which antidote?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. In cases of warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation leading to bleeding events, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps to reverse the effects of warfarin by promoting the production of clotting factors that are inhibited by warfarin. Administering vitamin K can help normalize the patient's coagulation parameters and stop bleeding in cases of warfarin over-anticoagulation.
Question 5 of 5
The client receives diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to control allergic symptoms. Which common symptom does the nurse teach the client to report to the physician?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, has anticholinergic effects, including urinary hesitancy , due to reduced bladder contractility. This can escalate to retention, a serious issue, especially in older adults or those with prostate issues, warranting physician reporting. Sedation is expected and manageable, not typically reported unless severe. Diarrhea isn't common; constipation is more likely. Projectile vomiting suggests a different pathology, not a typical antihistamine effect. The nurse teaches reporting urinary hesitancy as it's a significant anticholinergic complication requiring intervention, making choice D the priority symptom to monitor.