The patient in a long arm cast (from below the shoulder to the wrist, with a 90-degree elbow flexion) complains of a burning sensation over the elbow. The nurse s initial intervention should be:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A burning sensation over the elbow in a cast suggests pressure or irritation, possibly from swelling or a tight fit. Elevating the arm on pillows is the initial step, as it reduces swelling by improving venous return, potentially relieving pressure on the elbow without invasive action. Checking support is useful but secondary, as elevation addresses the immediate cause. Notifying the charge nurse assumes a pressure ulcer without assessment, which is premature. Cutting a window is a last resort, requiring medical orders. Elevation is a safe, effective first response, tackling the likely swelling-related discomfort while preserving the cast's integrity for further evaluation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An intramuscular (IM) injection delivers fluid directly into a muscle, commonly used for vaccines or medications due to muscles' rich blood supply, ensuring rapid absorption. Sites like the deltoid or gluteus maximus are typical targets. Dileguilist appears to be a typo or nonsensical term. Prime mover is a muscle role, not an injection type. Fixators stabilize muscles, not receive injections. Intramuscular injection is a precise medical term matching the description, making it the correct choice. Its clinical relevance lies in its efficiency and common application, distinguishing it from subcutaneous or intravenous methods, and it reflects a practical aspect of muscle anatomy in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During knee flexion, the effort is the force exerted by the contraction of the hamstring muscle group (e.g., biceps femoris), which pulls the tibia backward to bend the knee. The knee joint is the fulcrum, not the effort. The weight of the lower leg and foot is the load being moved. The femur is a stationary bone, not the effort source. The hamstrings' contraction provides the muscular effort in this lever system, making it the correct answer, as it drives the movement against the load, illustrating the active role of muscles in joint motion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Smiling broadly involves the zygomaticus major, which pulls the mouth corners upward and laterally. Dental anesthesia, often targeting the facial nerve branches, can paralyze this muscle, making smiling difficult. Orbicularis oris purses the lips, not elevating them for smiling. Levator labii superioris lifts the upper lip, less critical for broad smiles. Risorius widens the mouth but is secondary to zygomaticus major. Zygomaticus major is the correct answer, as it's the primary smiling muscle affected by facial nerve anesthesia, evident in post-dental asymmetry or weakness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The ischial tuberosity is the origin for the hamstrings (e.g., biceps femoris) and part of the adductor magnus, which adduct the thigh (move it toward the midline). A fracture disrupts these attachments, impairing adduction. Dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior) and leg extension (quadriceps) involve distal muscles unaffected by this site. Thigh flexion (iliopsoas) isn't primarily tied to the ischium. Adduction of the thigh is the correct answer, as the ischial tuberosity's role in anchoring adductors directly impacts this movement, evident in pelvic biomechanics.