The patient has just been told that he has cancer. When the nurse assesses the patient at shift change, his heart rate and respirations are elevated. What type of response is this to stress?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Physiologic. When facing stress like a cancer diagnosis, the body responds with physiological changes such as increased heart rate and respirations due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This is known as the fight or flight response, triggered by the release of stress hormones like adrenaline. The somatic response (choice A) refers to physical actions, neurologic response (choice B) involves the nervous system functions, and psychological response (choice D) pertains to emotional and cognitive reactions, which may also occur but are not the primary explanation for the elevated heart rate and respirations in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The client indicating "no religious preference" means they have not specified a particular faith. Step 2: Therefore, it does not necessarily mean the client does not follow any faith but rather does not align with a specific one. Step 3: Choice A is correct as it indicates the client does not follow the tenets (guidelines) of a specific faith. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they make assumptions not supported by the information provided. The client's preference for no specific religion does not imply denial of beliefs, lack of belief in a higher power, or refusal to engage in religious practices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: INR = 2-3. This range is the recommended therapeutic INR level for clients taking warfarin for conditions like atrial fibrillation. An INR of 2-3 indicates the blood is thin enough to prevent clot formation yet not too thin to cause excessive bleeding. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because an INR of 2-6 is too high and can increase the risk of bleeding, an INR of 6-3 is inverted and not a standard range, and an INR of 3-3 is not a valid range for therapeutic levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Interpersonal. Interpersonal communication is most effective for demonstrating professional competence in nursing as it involves one-on-one interaction with the client, allowing for active listening, empathy, and building rapport. This type of communication promotes trust and understanding, which are essential for providing quality care. Public communication (A) may lack personal connection, small group communication (B) may not focus solely on the client, and intrapersonal communication (D) is self-reflective and does not involve direct interaction with the client.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because collaborating with a client while developing a nursing care plan empowers the client to actively participate in their own care decisions, respecting their autonomy. This approach ensures that the client's values, preferences, and needs are considered, fostering a sense of control over their healthcare journey. Incorrect choices: A: This option focuses on setting goals for the client without necessarily involving them in the decision-making process, limiting their autonomy. B: While important for client safety, assessing for postprocedural complications does not directly promote client autonomy as it is more focused on the nurse's responsibilities. D: Encouraging independent ambulation is beneficial, but it does not necessarily involve the client in the decision-making process, unlike collaborating on a care plan.