ATI RN
Client Health and Safety Specifications Questions
Question 1 of 5
The patient has just been told that he has cancer. When the nurse assesses the patient at shift change, his heart rate and respirations are elevated. What type of response is this to stress?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Physiologic. When the patient's heart rate and respirations are elevated in response to stress, it indicates a physiological response. This is the body's natural reaction to stress, known as the fight-or-flight response. The sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to increased heart rate and respirations to prepare the body to respond to the perceived threat. Somatic response (choice A) refers to physical sensations in the body, not the autonomic physiological response. Neurologic response (choice B) involves the nervous system's role in transmitting signals, but it does not specifically address the physiological changes observed in this scenario. Psychological response (choice D) refers to emotional and cognitive reactions, which are distinct from the physiological changes seen in the patient's heart rate and respirations.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has pitting pedal edema, crackles, and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse concludes that the patient has fluid volume excess. Which type of reasoning did the nurse use?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inductive reasoning. The nurse observed specific signs and symptoms (pitting pedal edema, crackles, elevated blood pressure) and made a general conclusion (fluid volume excess). Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations. The nurse did not use theoretical reasoning (A), as she did not rely on abstract principles. Deductive reasoning (C) involves drawing specific conclusions from general premises, which was not the case here. Conceptual reasoning (D) involves understanding abstract concepts, not directly applicable in this scenario. In summary, the nurse used inductive reasoning by inferring fluid volume excess based on specific clinical findings.
Question 3 of 5
Which step of the nursing process involves setting long-term goals and short-term expectations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. In the nursing process, Planning involves setting long-term goals and short-term expectations based on the assessment data gathered in the previous step. This step includes developing a care plan that outlines the interventions needed to achieve the desired outcomes. Assessment (choice A) involves collecting and analyzing data, Implementation (choice C) is the actual carrying out of the care plan, and Evaluation (choice D) involves assessing the outcomes achieved compared to the goals set during the planning phase. Planning is essential for effective nursing care as it guides the interventions and ensures the patient's needs are addressed appropriately.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is filling out an incident report after an older adult client fell while attempting to transfer this person from bed to a commode. Which health problem should the nurse consider when client falls occur?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Orthostatic hypotension. This condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure when moving from lying down to standing up, leading to dizziness and falls. In the scenario provided, the older adult client fell while attempting to transfer to a commode, indicating a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing. Bradypnea (A) refers to abnormally slow breathing rate and is not directly related to falls. Palpitations (B) are rapid or irregular heartbeats and do not directly cause falls. Primary hypertension (C) is high blood pressure that is typically asymptomatic and does not directly lead to falls. Therefore, the most likely health problem to consider in this scenario is orthostatic hypotension due to its association with falls during position changes.
Question 5 of 5
A young adult female is schedule for her annual gynecological exam which includes a Pap smear, which is a screening test for:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cervical cancer. A Pap smear is a screening test specifically designed to detect abnormal cells on the cervix that could potentially develop into cervical cancer. It is not a test for pregnancy (choice A), breast cancer (choice B), or sexually transmitted infections (choice D). Regular Pap smears are crucial for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.