The patient asks you about goiter. You describe this disorder as ___________-.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is iodine deficiency, which is required for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to produce more hormones, leading to the development of goiter. While other factors can also contribute to the development of goiter, such as autoimmune diseases and certain medications, the primary cause associated with the condition is an iodine-deficient diet.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Administering oxygen inhalation is the priority nursing action for a patient presenting with clinical manifestations related to endocrine disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and hypothyroidism can all experience respiratory distress due to various reasons such as thyroid storm, adrenal crisis, or myxedema coma. Oxygen inhalation helps improve oxygenation and tissue perfusion, providing immediate support to the patient's respiratory system. It is crucial to ensure adequate oxygenation before addressing other assessments or interventions. Once the patient's breathing is stabilized, further assessments and treatments can be initiated as necessary.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Triangulation is the technique that refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth. In the context provided in the question, Nurse Tarly is organizing a study to investigate the "Caring behavior of Staff-Nurses and Satisfaction of Women with Ostomy". By gathering data from various sources such as observation, interviews, and surveys, Nurse Tarly can triangulate the information to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation. Triangulation helps to validate findings, enhance the credibility of the study, and provide a more well-rounded view of the issue at hand.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The health care team will try the oral route first for Ms. C for delivering nutrition and fluid because it is the most natural and least invasive method. If the patient is able to tolerate oral intake and has adequate oral intake, it is typically the preferred route. Only if she is unable to meet her nutritional needs orally or has difficulty swallowing, then alternative routes such as nasogastric tube, gastrostomy tube, or intravenous routes may be considered. It's important to promote oral intake whenever possible to maintain the patient's quality of life and prevent complications associated with more invasive methods.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sundowning is a phenomenon commonly seen in elderly individuals, particularly those with cognitive impairments like dementia, where they become more restless, anxious, confused, or agitated during late afternoon and evening hours, typically around sunset. This change in behavior can manifest as increased confusion, wandering, aggression, or vocalization. The exact cause of sundowning is not completely understood but may involve a combination of factors such as disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, decreased lighting, and hormonal imbalances. Managing sundowning behaviors may involve environmental modifications, maintaining a regular routine, ensuring proper lighting, and addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to the behavior changes.