The patient asks what is a normal thyroid state? The best response is __________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A normal thyroid state is referred to as euthyroid, which means the thyroid gland is functioning within normal parameters and the levels of thyroid hormones in the body are balanced. In contrast, hyperthyroid refers to an overactive thyroid gland, causing excessive production of thyroid hormones, while parathyroid is a different gland responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. Panthroid is not a recognized medical term related to thyroid function. Therefore, the best response to the patient's question about the normal thyroid state is "Euthyroid."

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The BEST rationale for the conduct of the program is to deliver safe and quality nursing care to patients on intravenous therapy (IV). This directly ties the purpose of the program to the real-world outcome it seeks to achieve - providing optimal care for patients requiring intravenous therapy. Ensuring safe practice in the hospital (Option A) is important but it is not specific to the focus of the IV therapy program. Improving nursing practice in general (Option B) is a noble goal but the program should have a specific and targeted objective. Providing knowledge and skills to all nursing staff in IV Therapy (Option C) is essential, but the primary aim should be centered on improving patient care outcomes. Therefore, delivering safe and quality nursing care to patients on IV therapy aligns most closely with the core purpose of the program and should be the primary rationale.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, maintaining cervical spine immobilization is crucial. The presence of a head injury raises concerns for potential concomitant cervical spine injury. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any movement of the cervical spine to avoid exacerbating a potential spinal cord injury. Maintaining immobilization involves stabilizing the patient's head and neck in a neutral position until appropriate imaging studies can assess the extent of any spinal injury. This action helps prevent further harm and ensures the safety of the patient during assessment and management of their injuries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patients often struggle with breathing difficulties due to their conditions, hence it is important for them to conserve their energy as much as possible. Standing while performing activities like shaving or combing hair can be physically demanding for COPD patients as it requires more energy and can lead to increased shortness of breath. It is recommended for COPD patients to sit down or assume a supported position (like the tripod position with elbows supported on a table) to reduce the energy expended and minimize the strain on their respiratory system. Standing in front of the mirror while performing grooming activities is a task that can be easily modified to a seated position, thus conserving energy and reducing the risk of exacerbating breathing difficulties for COPD patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nulliparity, which refers to never having given birth to a child, is the most common risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who have had children. This association is believed to be related to the uninterrupted ovulation cycles that nulliparous women experience, leading to changes in the surface epithelium of the ovary that predispose them to cancer development. Conversely, factors like early menarche, late menopause, and a family history of breast cancer are also associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer but are not as commonly observed as nulliparity in the general population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that arises from pancreatic beta cells, leading to excessive production and secretion of insulin. The symptoms described in the patient, such as weight loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, and elevated insulin levels, are characteristic of insulinoma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with septic shock and refractory hypotension despite fluid resuscitation, the healthcare team should prioritize administering vasopressor medications to increase systemic vascular resistance. Vasopressors such as norepinephrine or vasopressin can be used to support blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs by constricting blood vessels and improving blood flow. By increasing systemic vascular resistance, vasopressors help to counteract the excessive vasodilation seen in septic shock and improve hemodynamic stability. It is crucial to address hypotension promptly in septic shock to prevent organ dysfunction and failure. Other interventions, such as fluid removal through continuous renal replacement therapy, assessing cardiac function with echocardiogram, or optimizing oxygen delivery through a transfusion of packed red blood cells, may be considered based on specific patient factors but do not address the primary issue of inadequate perf

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Possessing a body of knowledge is an important element that characterizes nursing as a profession. Nursing is a field that requires specialized education, training, and expertise in various areas of healthcare. Nurses are expected to have a comprehensive understanding of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and various nursing theories and practices to effectively care for patients. This body of knowledge distinguishes nursing as a profession and supports the delivery of high-quality, evidence-based patient care. While the other options (having members, being service-oriented, and a calling) are also important aspects of nursing, possessing a body of knowledge is fundamental to the profession's identity and practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: After activating the emergency response system, the immediate priority in CPR is to begin chest compressions to support blood circulation. High-quality chest compressions are crucial in providing oxygen to vital organs, especially the brain, during cardiac arrest. Starting chest compressions promptly can improve the chances of survival for the person in need of CPR. Checking for breathing, performing abdominal thrusts, or assessing pulse should only be done after initiating chest compressions in the CPR sequence.