The patient asks what is a normal thyroid state? The best response is __________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A normal thyroid state is referred to as euthyroid, which means the thyroid gland is functioning within normal parameters and the levels of thyroid hormones in the body are balanced. In contrast, hyperthyroid refers to an overactive thyroid gland, causing excessive production of thyroid hormones, while parathyroid is a different gland responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. Panthroid is not a recognized medical term related to thyroid function. Therefore, the best response to the patient's question about the normal thyroid state is "Euthyroid."

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a pregnant woman presenting with severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks gestation with a closed cervix, the most likely cause of these symptoms is a threatened abortion. A threatened abortion is a common complication of early pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain without cervical dilation. The cervix remains closed, indicating that the pregnancy is still intact but at risk of potential miscarriage. Placenta previa typically presents with painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester, whereas ectopic pregnancy usually presents with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in the setting of a closed cervix but is less likely at 8 weeks gestation. Gestational trophoblastic disease is a rare cause of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy and typically presents in the first trimester with signs of hyperemesis gravidarum, uterine enlargement, and elevated β-hCG levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fats are essential for the absorption of vitamin K in the body. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning it is better absorbed in the presence of dietary fats. In the case of postpartum hemorrhage, adequate levels of vitamin K are crucial for proper blood clotting. Thus, incorporating fats in the diet can help ensure sufficient absorption of vitamin K, which can be beneficial in preventing complications related to hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patients often struggle with breathing difficulties due to their conditions, hence it is important for them to conserve their energy as much as possible. Standing while performing activities like shaving or combing hair can be physically demanding for COPD patients as it requires more energy and can lead to increased shortness of breath. It is recommended for COPD patients to sit down or assume a supported position (like the tripod position with elbows supported on a table) to reduce the energy expended and minimize the strain on their respiratory system. Standing in front of the mirror while performing grooming activities is a task that can be easily modified to a seated position, thus conserving energy and reducing the risk of exacerbating breathing difficulties for COPD patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy, which is not directly related to population growth. On the other hand, fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental demographic variables that significantly influence population growth. Fertility refers to the ability of a population to produce offspring, mortality deals with death rates within a population, and migration involves the movement of individuals into or out of a particular area. These three variables play crucial roles in shaping the size and composition of a population over time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The past medical history section typically includes information about a person's medical background before the current point in time. This would involve details such as prenatal history, birth history, childhood illnesses, surgeries, and medical conditions that have occurred in the past. "Current history" would be more appropriate for the present medical status and ongoing health issues, hence it does not belong in the past medical history section.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This statement indicates a need for further instructions because drinking milk between meals may worsen heartburn for some individuals. Milk can temporarily neutralize stomach acid, but it can also stimulate acid production in the stomach leading to increased heartburn symptoms. Therefore, Nurse Harper should provide more guidance on appropriate dietary choices for managing heartburn, such as avoiding trigger foods like fatty or spicy foods, eating small, frequent meals, and not lying down immediately after eating.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) is highly indicative of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is a common cause of infectious mononucleosis. The atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are reactive T lymphocytes responding to the EBV infection. The Monospot test detects heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The options provided focus on specific health indicators related to mother and child health in the Philippines among ASEAN countries that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law.