The patient asks if there is any other option besides antibiotics to treat acute otitis media. How will you respond?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because pain management is an essential part of treating acute otitis media, along with antibiotics if necessary. Step 1: Addressing pain helps improve the patient's comfort and quality of life. Step 2: Pain management can include over-the-counter pain relievers or ear drops. Step 3: Antibiotics are not always needed, especially in mild cases or when the infection is viral. Summary: Option A is incorrect as pain management is beneficial regardless of antibiotics. Option B is incorrect as antibiotics are not always the sole treatment. Option C is incorrect as pain management can be used even without a burst tympanic membrane.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole. Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis due to its efficacy against the causative bacteria. It specifically targets anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the vaginal flora. Azithromycin (B) is used to treat respiratory infections, not bacterial vaginosis. Amoxicillin (C) is an antibiotic for different types of infections, not bacterial vaginosis. Ciprofloxacin (D) is more commonly used for urinary tract infections. Therefore, Metronidazole is the most appropriate choice for treating bacterial vaginosis in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chlorpheniramine. Bile acid sequestrants are medications that bind to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion. Colesevelam, Colestipol, and Cholestyramine are all examples of bile acid sequestrants. Chlorpheniramine, on the other hand, is an antihistamine used to treat allergies. It does not have any bile acid sequestrant properties. Therefore, A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are all actual bile acid sequestrants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because all the statements provided in choices A, C, and D are true about oral contraceptives (OCs). A: Estrostep, Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Beyaz, and YAZ are indeed approved for managing acne in women. C: OCs do favorably affect menstrual symptoms by reducing cramps, menstrual flow volume, and duration. D: OCs have been shown to decrease the risk for several disorders, including ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, and benign breast disease. Therefore, since all the statements are true, the correct answer is B.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that has shown efficacy in preventing migraines by reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. It is considered the first-line drug for migraine prevention due to its well-established effectiveness and safety profile. Propranolol works by reducing the excitability of the nervous system and preventing the dilation of blood vessels in the brain, which are key factors in migraine pathophysiology. Topiramate (B) is also commonly used for migraine prevention, but it is usually considered as a second-line option after propranolol due to its side effects and tolerability issues. Ergotamine (C) is used for acute migraine treatment, not prevention. Metoclopramide (D) is primarily used for treating nausea and vomiting associated with migraines, not for prevention.