The parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region produce ______ that bonds with Vitamin ______ to make it more readily absorbed in the ileum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region. Intrinsic factor forms a complex with Vitamin B12, which is essential for its absorption in the ileum. This mechanism is crucial for preventing Vitamin B12 deficiency. Choice A is incorrect because hydrochloric acid is produced by parietal cells but does not bond with Vitamin B12 for absorption. Choice B is incorrect as mucus is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption. Choice C is incorrect as pepsinogen is not responsible for facilitating Vitamin B12 absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: vermiform appendix. The vermiform appendix is a blind tube, around 9 cm long, filled with lymph nodules, and attaches to the cecum. This anatomical description matches the characteristics of the vermiform appendix. The epiploic appendix (choice A) refers to small fatty projections on the colon's surface, not a blind tube. Haustra (choice B) are the pouches along the colon's length, not a blind tube. Tenia coli (choice D) are the three bands of longitudinal muscle in the colon, not a blind tube. Therefore, the vermiform appendix is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). As people age, they are more likely to experience GERD due to changes in the muscles of the esophagus and stomach, leading to acid reflux. Antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to alleviate symptoms of GERD by reducing stomach acid production. Crohn's disease (A), irritable bowel syndrome (B), and colitis (D) are not typically associated with aging and are not directly related to the need for these medications in elderly people.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: GLUT5. GLUT5 is the specific transporter responsible for transporting fructose across the apical membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine. It is a uniporter that facilitates the movement of fructose down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. SGLT1 (Choice A) and SGLT2 (Choice B) are sodium-glucose transporters involved in the absorption of glucose and galactose, not fructose. GLUT4 (Choice C) is primarily found in muscle and adipose tissue and is responsible for insulin-mediated glucose uptake, not fructose transport in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drink D with 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium. During aerobic exercise, glucose and sodium are crucial for optimal hydration and energy replenishment. The 8% carbohydrate concentration is within the recommended range for efficient glucose absorption, while the presence of sodium helps in fluid retention and electrolyte balance. Choices A and B lack sodium, which is necessary for hydration. Choice C has the right carbohydrate concentration but lacks sodium, making it less effective compared to Drink D.