The parents of a young child with heart failure tell the nurse that they are "nervous" about giving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse's response should be based on which statement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is option A. By reassuring the parents that digoxin is a safe and frequently used drug, the nurse can help alleviate their concerns about administering the medication to their child. This approach fosters trust and confidence in the treatment plan. It is essential for the nurse to provide accurate information to help the parents feel more comfortable and confident in caring for their child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bacterial meningitis can lead to cerebral edema by causing an inflammatory response within the brain tissue. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid, leading to edema. Additionally, the inflammatory response can cause an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, allowing substances that are not normally able to cross the barrier to do so. This can lead to further disruption in the balance of fluid within the brain. Finally, the inflammatory response and the buildup of fluid can also result in raised intracranial pressure, which can further exacerbate the physiological changes occurring in the brain. Therefore, all of the above changes - cerebral edema, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and raised intracranial pressure - can be seen in cases of bacterial meningitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should use the Snellen letter chart to test a school-age child's vision. The Snellen chart is specifically designed to assess distance vision by having the child read rows of letters of various sizes from a specific distance. This chart is commonly used for vision screenings and has standardized letter sizes that help determine visual acuity. The other options listed - Denver Eye Screening Test, Allen picture card test, and Ishihara vision test - are not typically used for testing visual acuity in the same way the Snellen chart is.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: At around 2 months of age, infants typically start to show signs of recognizing familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle. At this stage, their vision and cognitive abilities have developed enough for them to begin differentiating and responding to familiar stimuli in their environment. This recognition is an important developmental milestone in an infant's early cognitive and social development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that specifically recognize and bind to foreign molecules, such as antigens. They are chemical markers that facilitate the identification of cells or molecules by interacting with specific antigens. This interaction plays a crucial role in various immune responses, including immune surveillance, antigen recognition, and immune defense mechanisms. Antibodies are essential tools in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics for identifying and targeting specific cells or molecules.