ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN Questions
Question 1 of 9
The parents of a child born with ambiguous genitalia tell the nurse that family and friends are asking what caused the baby to be this way. Tests are being done to assist in gender assignment. What should the nurse's intervention include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is important for the nurse to provide the parents with accurate information so they can confidently explain the situation to others, helping to reduce stress and misinformation. Avoiding family and friends or minimizing the problem is not helpful.
Question 2 of 9
A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a "trigger" results in which of these manifestations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.
Question 3 of 9
A 5-year-old has patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain management after abdominal surgery. What information does the nurse include in teaching the parents about the PCA?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the PCA pump can be programmed to deliver a continuous basal rate of pain medication to maintain pain control. While the goal of PCA is effective pain relief, it does not guarantee a pain-free state. In the case of a 5-year-old child, the parents or nurse can administer boluses if necessary since the child may not fully comprehend using the PCA button. Monitoring every 1 to 2 hours for patient response is adequate and there is no need for monitoring every 15 minutes, as stated in choice D, unless specific circumstances dictate more frequent monitoring.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is planning an educational session with a group of school-age children. Which primary task from Erikson's theory of psychosocial development should be addressed?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, school-age children typically focus on developing a sense of industry. This stage, occurring during middle childhood, involves the desire to feel competent and productive in their skills and abilities. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because establishing trust in others (A) is related to the first stage of Erikson's theory (trust vs. mistrust) which occurs in infancy, developing a sense of autonomy (B) is linked to the second stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) which occurs in early childhood, and establishing a sense of identity (D) is associated with the fifth stage (identity vs. role confusion) which occurs in adolescence.
Question 5 of 9
A 12-year-old girl has recently begun menstruating and is well into puberty. The child is visiting the health care provider today for a routine physical examination. Which finding should cause concern in the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vulvar irritation may indicate an infection or other issues and should be further evaluated. In a pubescent girl, breasts of slightly different sizes and irregular periods are common variations of normal development. Supernumerary nipple, an extra nipple, is a benign condition that is not typically concerning during puberty.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.
Question 7 of 9
What measure of fluid balance status is most useful in a child with acute glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daily weight is the most accurate measure of fluid balance in children with acute glomerulonephritis, as it reflects changes in body fluid status more reliably than other measures like proteinuria or specific gravity.
Question 8 of 9
The mother of a child with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why her child cannot avoid all those 'shots' and take pills like an uncle does. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Children with type 1 diabetes require insulin replacement because their pancreas produces little or no insulin. Oral hypoglycemics used in type 2 diabetes work by improving the effectiveness of insulin the body already makes, which is not sufficient in type 1 diabetes. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about the pancreas being adult or child-specific but rather the type of diabetes. Choice C is incorrect because it misstates the mechanism of action of the medications. Choice D is incorrect because it provides inaccurate information about the potential for the child's pancreas to produce insulin in the future, which is unlikely in type 1 diabetes.
Question 9 of 9
An infant has been diagnosed with bladder obstruction. What do symptoms of this disorder include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-urination dribbling is a symptom of bladder obstruction due to the incomplete emptying of the bladder. A strong urinary stream is typically absent in such cases. UTIs are common, but dribbling is more directly related to the obstruction.