The parent of a child with glomerulonephritis asks how they will know the child is improving at home.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Your child’s urine output will increase, and the urine will become less tea-colored. Rationale: - In glomerulonephritis, the kidneys' filtering units are inflamed, leading to decreased urine output and tea-colored urine due to the presence of blood. As the child improves, increased urine output and clearer urine indicate better kidney function and resolution of inflammation. - Option B is incorrect as resting comfortably does not directly correlate with improvement in glomerulonephritis. Improvement in labs is a better indicator. - Option C is incorrect as increased urine output is typically associated with increased thirst and appetite in pediatric patients. - Option D is partially correct but lacks specificity. Improving lab values are an essential part of monitoring, but changes in urine output and color are more direct indicators of kidney function improvement. Educational Context: Understanding how to monitor a child's improvement in glomerulonephritis is crucial for parents to manage the condition effectively at home. Educating parents on these signs helps them recognize improvement and seek medical assistance if necessary. Monitoring urine output and color provides valuable insight into the child's kidney function and overall health status.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric patients, obtaining a urine sample for evaluation of a UTI can be challenging due to their age and limited ability to cooperate. The best method to obtain a urine sample in an 8-month-old being evaluated for a UTI is option D, which is performing an in-and-out (straight) catheterization. Rationale for choosing option D: Performing an in-and-out catheterization ensures a sterile collection of urine directly from the bladder, minimizing the risk of contamination and providing an accurate sample for analysis. This method is considered the most reliable in infants who are not toilet trained and can't provide a clean-catch sample. Rationales for why other options are incorrect: A) Using a urine collection bag may lead to contamination from the perineal area and may not provide a sterile sample for accurate diagnosis. B) Inserting an indwelling Foley catheter is invasive and not necessary for a simple urine sample collection in this scenario, increasing the risk of complications. C) Placing a sterile cotton ball in the diaper and using a syringe is not a recommended method for obtaining a sterile urine sample in infants, as it is prone to contamination from the diaper and surrounding environment. Educational context: Understanding the appropriate methods for obtaining a urine sample in pediatric patients is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of UTIs. In-and-out catheterization is a common and effective technique used in infants and young children when a sterile urine sample is required. It is important for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about the most appropriate methods to ensure patient safety and accurate test results.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric patients with hepatitis, it is crucial to provide foods that are easily digestible, gentle on the liver, and rich in nutrients. Option B, offering clear liquids such as broth and Jell-O, is the correct choice. Clear liquids are easy on the digestive system, help maintain hydration, and provide some essential nutrients without overloading the liver. Option A, a tuna sandwich on whole wheat bread and skim milk, may be too heavy and fatty for a child with hepatitis, potentially putting strain on the liver. Option C, a hamburger, French fries, and a diet soda, contains high amounts of unhealthy fats and sugars that can be challenging for the liver to process. Option D, a peanut butter sandwich and a milkshake, while high in calories, may also be too heavy and fatty for a child with hepatitis. Educationally, understanding appropriate dietary choices for pediatric patients with hepatitis is essential for nurses and healthcare providers. By selecting the correct foods, we can support the child's recovery, prevent complications, and promote overall well-being. It is important to prioritize nutrition that is gentle on the liver and easy to digest to aid in the healing process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the early stages of acute hepatitis, manifestations typically include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and generalized malaise, which are all indicative of liver inflammation. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Nausea and vomiting are common as the liver struggles to process toxins, leading to gastrointestinal disturbances. Generalized malaise is a non-specific symptom often seen in liver dysfunction. Option B, nausea, vomiting, and left-upper quadrant pain, is incorrect because pain in acute hepatitis is usually located in the right-upper quadrant due to liver enlargement and inflammation. Option C, malaise and jaundice without other symptoms, is incorrect as jaundice is a common symptom of hepatitis but is usually accompanied by other signs like nausea and malaise in the early stages. Option D, jaundice only, is incorrect because while jaundice is a hallmark sign of hepatitis, it typically appears after other symptoms like nausea and malaise in the early stages. Educationally, understanding the early signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to promptly identify and manage this condition in pediatric patients. Recognizing these manifestations helps in early diagnosis, appropriate treatment initiation, and prevention of complications, highlighting the importance of pharmacological interventions and patient education in managing pediatric genitourinary disorders effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the diagnostic workup of a child with suspected celiac disease, option D is the correct choice. Obtaining a complete blood count and serum electrolytes, along with monitoring the child's response to a gluten-containing diet, is essential in diagnosing celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten consumption, leading to intestinal damage. Monitoring the child's response to a gluten-containing diet helps identify if symptoms improve upon gluten elimination, a key diagnostic indicator. Option A is incorrect as it does not address the specific diagnostic needs of celiac disease. A stool sample, as mentioned in option B, may be useful for assessing digestive function but is not a primary diagnostic tool for celiac disease. Option C, obtaining a stool sample and preparing for a jejunal biopsy, may be overly invasive and unnecessary at the initial diagnostic stage of suspected celiac disease. Educationally, understanding the diagnostic approach to pediatric genitourinary disorders like celiac disease is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals. Recognizing the importance of specific tests, monitoring, and dietary interventions in the diagnostic process enhances patient care and outcomes. This rationale emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to pediatric pharmacology and diagnostic reasoning.