Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings contain lactose, which individuals with lactose intolerance should avoid. Choices A, C, and D do not contain lactose and are not typically problematic for individuals with lactose intolerance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ethical dilemma arises when the patient's rights conflict with the nurse's responsibilities, requiring a careful balance to ensure ethical care delivery. Choices A and B are incorrect because ethical dilemmas are not solely about legal or subjective moral issues. Choice D is incorrect as nurses are generally equipped with ethical knowledge through education and training, and ethical dilemmas are more about conflicting values and responsibilities rather than a lack of knowledge.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.