The parent of a 5-year-old states that the child has been having diarrhea for 24 hours, vomited twice 2 hours ago, and now claims to be thirsty. The parent asks what to offer the child because the child is refusing Pedialyte. Select the nurse's most appropriate response.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is C) Pedialyte is best. You might offer it in a spoon, medicine cup, or syringe to give your child a choice, which may help him take it. This response is the most appropriate because Pedialyte is specifically formulated to help replace lost fluids and electrolytes in cases of diarrhea and vomiting, which are common in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Offering it in different ways allows the child some autonomy in choosing how to take it, increasing the likelihood of compliance. Option A is incorrect because clear diet sodas like Sprite and ginger ale do not contain the necessary electrolytes and may even worsen dehydration due to their sugar content. Option B is incorrect because waiting for the child to drink Pedialyte when severely dehydrated is not a safe approach. Option D is incorrect as it overlooks the importance of using Pedialyte specifically in cases of dehydration. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the appropriate management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, including dehydration. Providing parents with accurate information on the best fluids to offer their child can prevent further complications and promote optimal recovery. Nurses must prioritize evidence-based practices to ensure the best outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage. In pediatric patients with biliary atresia, the Kasai procedure is performed to establish bile flow by connecting the liver directly to the intestine. This is a palliative procedure, not curative, as it helps improve bile drainage but does not completely resolve the underlying issue. Option B is incorrect because the Kasai procedure is not curative; it is performed to improve bile drainage but does not completely fix the underlying problem. Option C is incorrect as the procedure does not involve banding the bile duct but rather attaching it to a loop of bowel. Option D is also incorrect as banding is not part of the Kasai procedure. Educationally, understanding the purpose and limitations of the Kasai procedure is crucial for nursing students and healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with biliary atresia. Knowing the correct description of the procedure helps in providing accurate patient education and support to families undergoing this intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Allow the infant to have familiar items of comfort (e.g., favorite stuffed animal) and a 'sippy' cup. Rationale: After cleft palate repair, it is essential to provide comfort to the child as they may be irritable due to postoperative pain and discomfort. Allowing familiar items like a stuffed animal and a 'sippy' cup can provide emotional support and familiarity, which can help in reducing anxiety and promoting healing. Option B is incorrect because immediately after cleft palate repair, the child should not be given solid foods like soup, Jell-O, or saltine crackers. It is crucial to start with clear fluids and gradually progress to soft, easily digestible foods as tolerated. Option C is incorrect as elbow restraints are typically used postoperatively to prevent the child from touching or traumatizing the surgical site. They should only be removed as per the surgeon's instructions. Option D is incorrect because using a Yankauer suction catheter in the mouth can disrupt the healing process and increase the risk of trauma to the surgical site. Suctioning should be done cautiously and as per the healthcare provider's orders to prevent complications. Educational Context: Understanding the specific care needs of a child after cleft palate repair is crucial for pediatric nurses. Providing appropriate postoperative care, including comfort measures and diet modifications, is essential to ensure optimal recovery and prevent complications. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the correct interventions to promote the child's comfort and well-being during the postoperative period.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, understanding the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer to the question, "The MOST common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease is D) iron-deficiency anemia," is supported by the fact that malabsorption of nutrients, particularly iron, is a hallmark feature of celiac disease. When the small intestine is damaged due to gluten ingestion, the absorption of iron is impaired, leading to iron-deficiency anemia. Option A) osteoporosis is a possible complication of celiac disease due to impaired absorption of calcium and vitamin D; however, it is not the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Option B) short stature may occur in children with untreated celiac disease due to malabsorption of essential nutrients, but it is not the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Option C) arthritis is not a typical extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease in children. Educationally, healthcare providers should be aware of the diverse clinical presentations of celiac disease, including both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management. Recognizing iron-deficiency anemia as a common extraintestinal manifestation can prompt clinicians to consider celiac disease in pediatric patients presenting with unexplained anemia, leading to timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, understanding the absorption sites of essential nutrients like Vitamin B12 and bile salts is crucial for effective management. The correct answer is A) distal ileum. The distal ileum is the primary site for the absorption of Vitamin B12 and bile salts. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach and is absorbed in the distal ileum. Bile salts, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aid in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, including Vitamin B12, primarily in the distal ileum. Option B) duodenum is incorrect because while the duodenum is involved in the initial stages of digestion and absorption of some nutrients, it is not the primary site for absorption of Vitamin B12 and bile salts. Option C) proximal jejunum is incorrect as it is mainly involved in the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins, not Vitamin B12 and bile salts. Option D) colon is incorrect as it is primarily responsible for water and electrolyte absorption, not for the absorption of Vitamin B12 and bile salts. Educationally, understanding these absorption sites is essential for nurses and healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Knowing where these nutrients are absorbed helps in assessing and managing nutritional deficiencies and gastrointestinal issues effectively.