ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The painful or burning sensation in the chest usually associated with acid reflux in the esophagus is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: heartburn. This is because heartburn is the common term for the painful or burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux in the esophagus. A peptic ulcer (A) and a duodenal ulcer (D) are sores in the stomach or small intestine, not specific to the chest area. Angina (C) is chest pain related to heart issues, not specifically caused by acid reflux. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system will cause the ______ anal sphincter to ______.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digest functions. The internal anal sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. When stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, the internal anal sphincter will relax, allowing for defecation to occur. A: The external anal sphincter is under voluntary control, not affected by the parasympathetic nervous system. B: The external anal sphincter contracts voluntarily, not influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. C: The internal anal sphincter contracts under sympathetic stimulation, not parasympathetic.
Question 3 of 5
The function of the gastrointestinal tract can be classified in several ways. Which of the following functions is most important for survival immediately after a meal?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absorption and retention of water and electrolytes. Immediately after a meal, the body needs to absorb water and electrolytes to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance, crucial for survival. This process helps in nutrient absorption and maintaining overall body function. Reasons for why the other choices are incorrect: B: Elimination of toxins - While important for overall health, elimination of toxins is not the most critical function immediately after a meal for survival. C: Maintenance of barrier function - While important for protecting against harmful substances, it is not the most vital function immediately after a meal for survival. D: Extraction of maximum value from nutrients - While important for optimal nutrition, it is not as crucial as absorption and retention of water and electrolytes for immediate survival post-meal.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following tissues normally DOES NOT produce ghrelin that stimulates food intake?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Ghrelin is primarily produced by the stomach to stimulate appetite. Step 2: The pancreas produces insulin and enzymes, not ghrelin. Step 3: The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol, not ghrelin. Step 4: The liver is not a major site for ghrelin production, making choice D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following would likely promote the development of obesity?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an increase in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein can lead to increased appetite, reduced energy expenditure, and ultimately promote the development of obesity. Neuropeptide Y stimulates food intake, while agouti-related protein inhibits the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. A is incorrect because a greater proportion of bacteriabetes relative to firmicutes gut microflora is not directly linked to the development of obesity. B is incorrect because a smaller dopamine response to high fat and sugar foods would likely lead to reduced intake, not obesity. C is incorrect because a smaller increase in ghrelin concentrations would lead to decreased appetite, which is not conducive to obesity development.