The OR team performs distinct roles for one surgical procedure to be accomplished within a prescribed time frame and deliver a standard patient outcome. While the surgeon performs the surgical procedure, who monitors the status of the client like urine output, blood loss?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anesthesiologist. The anesthesiologist is responsible for monitoring the client's status during surgery, including vital signs, fluid balance, and blood loss. They ensure the patient's safety and well-being throughout the procedure. A: The scrub nurse assists the surgeon by handing instruments and maintaining a sterile field. B: The surgeon performs the surgical procedure but is not responsible for monitoring the client's status. D: The circulating nurse manages the overall operating room environment and assists with equipment, supplies, and documentation, but not specifically monitoring the client's status.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: postoperative respiratory function. Smoking 3 packs of cigarettes a day for 10 years can lead to respiratory issues such as decreased lung function, increased risk of respiratory infections, and impaired wound healing due to reduced oxygen levels in the blood. This will negatively impact postoperative respiratory function, making it harder for the client to recover and potentially leading to complications like pneumonia. A: Perioperative anxiety and stress are not directly related to smoking habits but can be influenced by various factors such as fear of surgery or anesthesia. B: Delayed coagulation time is more related to factors like medication use or underlying medical conditions affecting blood clotting, not smoking habit. C: Delayed wound healing can be affected by smoking due to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery, but it is not the primary concern in this scenario compared to postoperative respiratory function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option D is correct: 1. In an asthmatic attack, leaning forward helps to open up the airways. 2. Leaning forward at 30-40 degrees assists in improving airflow during exhalation. 3. This position also helps to reduce the pressure on the diaphragm, making breathing easier. 4. It promotes better oxygen exchange and reduces the feeling of breathlessness. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Sitting in high-Fowler's position with extended legs does not facilitate optimal airflow during an asthmatic attack. B. Sitting up with shoulders back may not provide the necessary support for breathing during an asthmatic attack. C. Pushing on the abdomen during exhalation does not directly address the airway obstruction that occurs in an asthmatic attack.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the operating room (OR), the team typically consists of the surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and anesthesiologist. 1. Surgeon: Leads the surgical team and performs the procedure. 2. Assistants: Assist the surgeon during the procedure. 3. Scrub nurse: Provides sterile instruments and supplies to the surgical team. 4. Circulating nurse: Manages the overall OR environment, including infection control. 5. Anesthesiologist: Administers anesthesia and monitors the patient's vital signs. Other choices are incorrect: A: Includes a radiologist and an orderly, who are not typically part of the surgical team in the OR. C: Includes a pathologist, who is not usually present during surgery. D: Includes an intern, who may not have a defined role in the surgical team.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Representativeness. This is because a sample must accurately reflect the characteristics of the population it represents to ensure the generalizability of the findings. Randomization (choice A) helps reduce bias, appropriate location (choice B) is irrelevant, and appropriate number (choice C) is important but not as crucial as representativeness for ensuring the validity of the sample.