ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The optimum pH for trypsin and chymotrypsin is about
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (7-9) because trypsin and chymotrypsin are proteolytic enzymes that function optimally in slightly basic environments. At pH 7-9, these enzymes maintain their structural integrity and catalytic activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trypsin and chymotrypsin are not acidic enzymes, so pH ranges 1-3 and 10-12 would denature and inactivate them, while pH 5-7 is still on the acidic side, not optimal for these enzymes.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statements about the stomach is FALSE?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because amino acids are not absorbed through the stomach wall; they are absorbed in the small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices break down proteins into peptides. Option A is incorrect because the stomach secretes pepsin to digest proteins. Option B is also incorrect as pepsinogen is converted to pepsin for protein digestion. Option D is incorrect since ghrelin, the appetite hormone, is indeed released by the stomach.
Question 3 of 5
A sudden decrease in blood volume would be met by increases in epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and angiotensin II. What EFFECT would the increase in these three hormones ALL HAVE IN COMMON?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance. Epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, and angiotensin II all act to increase vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in total peripheral resistance. This response is crucial during a sudden decrease in blood volume to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs. Choice A (increased heart rate) is not correct because while epinephrine can increase heart rate, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II do not directly affect heart rate. Choice B (increased fluid retention and blood volume) is not correct because antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II can increase fluid retention, but epinephrine does not have this effect. Choice C (increased PNS activity) is not correct because these hormones actually stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, not the parasympath
Question 4 of 5
In preparing a client for a colonoscopy procedure, which task is most suitable to delegate to the nursing assistant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Delegation Principle - The task should be within the nursing assistant's scope of practice. Step 2: NPO reinforcement is a basic instruction that does not require clinical judgment. Step 3: Nursing assistant can remind the client about NPO status without interpreting medical information. Step 4: Administering laxatives (C) and enema (D) require clinical judgment and should be done by licensed staff. Step 5: Explaining the need for clear liquids (A) involves providing medical information, not just a reminder.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a GI disorder has to undergo a barium swallow test. Which of the following diet restrictions are required prior to the test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: NPO for 8 to 12 hours before the test. This is necessary to ensure the client's stomach is empty, allowing for clear visualization of the GI tract during the barium swallow test. NPO for a longer duration helps prevent any interference from food or liquids. Choice B is incorrect because 6-8 hours might not be sufficient for complete emptying of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining normal fluid intake may lead to residual fluids in the stomach, affecting test accuracy. Choice D is unrelated to the test and does not impact the visualization of the GI tract.