The only way to establish the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) elimination and challenge test. In the context of establishing the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions in pediatric patients, an elimination and challenge test is the most appropriate method. This type of testing involves removing the suspected food from the diet (elimination) for a period of time and then reintroducing it (challenge) to observe for any adverse reactions. This process helps identify if the symptoms are indeed related to a specific food. A) The breath hydrogen test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance and does not specifically assess cell-mediated food reactions. B) Endoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract and is not specific to diagnosing cell-mediated food reactions. D) IgE testing is used to identify IgE-mediated food allergies, which are different from cell-mediated reactions. Educationally, understanding the different methods of diagnosing food reactions in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. By knowing the appropriate tests for different types of reactions, nurses can provide effective care, dietary recommendations, and support to pediatric patients and their families dealing with food-related issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, monitoring asthma and airway inflammation is crucial for effective management. The correct answer is B) exhaled nitric oxide analysis. This test directly measures the level of nitric oxide in the child's breath, which is elevated in asthma due to airway inflammation. By monitoring nitric oxide levels, healthcare providers can assess airway inflammation and adjust treatment accordingly. Option A) spirometry is a valuable tool in diagnosing asthma and assessing lung function, but it does not directly monitor airway inflammation like exhaled nitric oxide analysis. Option C) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is used to detect allergen-specific IgE antibodies in blood, helpful in identifying triggers for asthma exacerbations but does not monitor airway inflammation directly. Option D) fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) is a test used to detect specific IgE antibodies in blood, similar to RAST, but does not directly monitor asthma or airway inflammation. Educationally, understanding the specific monitoring tools for asthma in pediatric patients is essential for nursing practice. By knowing which tests directly assess airway inflammation, nurses can provide more targeted care and interventions for children with asthma, leading to better outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the different forms of rhinitis is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer to this question is D) infectious rhinitis. This is the most common form of nonallergic rhinitis in children because children are more susceptible to viral infections, such as the common cold, which can lead to rhinitis symptoms. Option A) noninfectious (vasomotor) rhinitis is not the most common form in children. This type is more commonly seen in adults and is triggered by environmental factors like strong odors or changes in temperature. Option B) nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia is a specific condition characterized by high levels of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, which is not the most common form in children. Option C) physical rhinitis refers to rhinitis triggered by physical factors like cold air or strong smells, but it is not the most common form in children. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of infectious rhinitis in children helps nurses differentiate between various types of rhinitis and provide appropriate care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis can aid in early intervention and management to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in multiple organs, including the skin, brain, kidneys, heart, eyes, and lungs. It does not typically present with signs and symptoms similar to atopic dermatitis. Option B) pyridoxine deficiency can present with dermatitis, as vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency can lead to skin issues. Option C) niacin deficiency can cause a condition known as pellagra, which includes dermatitis as one of its symptoms. Option D) multiple carboxylase deficiency is a metabolic disorder that can present with skin manifestations resembling eczema. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is crucial for providing accurate care to children presenting with skin issues. Recognizing the distinguishing features of various conditions helps nurses and healthcare providers make informed clinical decisions and provide appropriate interventions. This knowledge also contributes to ensuring timely referrals to specialists for further evaluation and management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) shellfish. This option is correct because shellfish allergies are one of the most common food allergies that tend to persist into adulthood. Allergies to shellfish, such as shrimp, crab, and lobster, are often lifelong and individuals usually do not outgrow them. It is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be aware of this as shellfish allergies can cause severe and potentially life-threatening reactions. Option A) milk, Option B) soy, and Option C) egg are common food allergies in children, but they are generally outgrown as children age. Milk, soy, and egg allergies are more common in early childhood and many children will eventually outgrow these allergies. However, it is important to note that each individual's response to food allergies can vary, so it is essential for healthcare providers to assess and monitor allergies in pediatric patients regularly. In an educational context, understanding the persistence of certain food allergies like shellfish can help pediatric nurses provide effective care and guidance to patients and their families. By knowing which allergies are more likely to persist, nurses can assist in developing appropriate management plans, educating families on allergen avoidance, and recognizing and responding to allergic reactions promptly. This knowledge is vital for ensuring the safety and well-being of pediatric patients with food allergies.