The only way to establish the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding how to diagnose different types of food reactions is crucial for providing effective care to children. In this question, the correct answer is C) elimination and challenge test, as it is the most reliable method to establish the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions. The elimination and challenge test involves removing the suspected food from the child's diet for a period of time and then reintroducing it to observe if symptoms reoccur. This process helps to identify specific food triggers causing cell-mediated reactions, which are not detected through IgE testing or other methods. Option A) breath hydrogen test is used to diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption, not cell-mediated food reactions. Option B) endoscopy may help visualize physical damage in the gastrointestinal tract but is not specific for diagnosing cell-mediated food reactions. Option D) IgE testing is more relevant for diagnosing immediate hypersensitivity reactions, not cell-mediated reactions. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various types of food reactions and understand the appropriate diagnostic methods for each. This knowledge enables nurses to provide accurate assessments, develop effective care plans, and educate families on managing food-related issues in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) exhaled nitric oxide analysis. This test directly monitors asthma and airway inflammation by measuring the amount of nitric oxide in a person's exhaled breath. Elevated levels of nitric oxide are indicative of airway inflammation, which is a key feature of asthma. This test is particularly useful in assessing airway inflammation in patients with asthma and can help guide treatment decisions. Option A) spirometry is a valuable tool in diagnosing and monitoring asthma, but it does not directly measure airway inflammation. Spirometry assesses lung function by measuring the amount of air a person can exhale forcefully in one second. Option C) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and option D) fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) are both blood tests used to detect specific allergens that may trigger asthma symptoms. While identifying allergens is important in managing asthma, these tests do not directly monitor asthma or airway inflammation. In an educational context, understanding the different diagnostic tests for asthma is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory conditions. Being able to accurately interpret test results and understand their implications for patient care is essential in providing effective management and support for children with asthma. By knowing which tests directly monitor asthma and airway inflammation, nurses can collaborate with healthcare providers to develop individualized treatment plans that address the specific needs of each child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) infectious rhinitis. Infectious rhinitis, commonly known as the common cold, is the most common form of nonallergic rhinitis in children. This condition is caused by viral infections, such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, or coronavirus, leading to inflammation of the nasal passages and symptoms like a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, and coughing. Option A) noninfectious (vasomotor) rhinitis is incorrect because it is characterized by triggers like strong odors, temperature changes, or stress, rather than being infectious in nature. Option B) nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia is incorrect as it involves inflammation with elevated eosinophils in the absence of an allergic response. Option C) physical rhinitis is incorrect as it refers to rhinitis triggered by physical factors like cold air or changes in atmospheric pressure. Educationally, understanding the different types of rhinitis in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage respiratory conditions in their young patients. Recognizing the distinction between infectious and noninfectious forms of rhinitis helps in providing appropriate care and treatment interventions for children presenting with nasal symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition in children. The correct answer is A) tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in many parts of the body, but it is not typically associated with atopic dermatitis. Option B) pyridoxine deficiency is incorrect because a deficiency in vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can present with dermatitis-like skin changes, making it a possible differential diagnosis for atopic dermatitis. Option C) niacin deficiency is incorrect because pellagra, a condition caused by severe niacin deficiency, can also present with dermatitis-like skin changes, again making it a possible differential diagnosis for atopic dermatitis. Option D) multiple carboxylase deficiency is incorrect because this metabolic disorder can present with skin changes and developmental delays but is not typically considered in the differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessments and care for pediatric patients with skin conditions. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of various metabolic disorders that can mimic atopic dermatitis is essential for appropriate management and referral to specialists when needed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding food allergies is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. The correct answer, "D) shellfish," is the most suitable option as shellfish allergies tend to persist into adulthood more often than other food allergies. This is important for nurses to be aware of when counseling families and creating care plans for pediatric patients. Option A) milk, B) soy, and C) egg are common food allergies in children, but they are more likely to be outgrown compared to shellfish allergies. Milk, soy, and egg allergies often improve or resolve as children grow older, whereas shellfish allergies tend to persist. It is essential for nurses to be knowledgeable about the natural history of food allergies to provide accurate information to families and make appropriate recommendations for dietary management. Educationally, understanding the patterns of food allergies helps nurses in their clinical practice by guiding their assessment, intervention, and education efforts. By recognizing that shellfish allergies are more likely to persist, nurses can advocate for allergy testing, help families navigate food choices, and provide guidance on emergency preparedness in case of a severe allergic reaction. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients with food allergies and contributes to improved health outcomes.