The only IV fluid compatible with blood products is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding IV fluid compatibility with blood products is crucial to prevent adverse reactions. The correct answer, "D) Plain LR," is the only option compatible with blood products due to its isotonic nature and lack of additives that could interact with blood components. Option A, D5LR, contains dextrose which may cause hemolysis when mixed with blood products. Option B, D5NSS, has a higher sodium content which can lead to clotting issues when combined with blood products. Option C, NSS, lacks the buffering capacity needed for blood product administration. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing IV fluid compatibility to ensure patient safety during transfusions. Understanding the properties of different IV solutions and their interactions with blood products is essential for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in clinical settings. Remembering these principles can prevent potentially harmful reactions and ensure effective patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of burns, especially during the critical first 24 hours post-injury, fluid management is crucial to prevent hypovolemic shock and maintain tissue perfusion. Option A, "I and O hourly," refers to monitoring the patient's intake and output of fluids. This is essential in assessing fluid balance and guiding appropriate fluid replacement therapy, such as administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and maintain vital organ function. Option B, "Strict aseptic technique," while important in preventing infections, is not the priority during the initial phase of burn management. In the early stages, fluid resuscitation and stabilization take precedence over infection control. Option C, "Forced oral fluids," is not recommended in the acute phase of burns as the patient may have impaired swallowing reflexes due to airway edema or injury. Administering fluids orally could potentially lead to aspiration, worsening the patient's condition. Option D, "Isolate the patient," is not a priority in the immediate management of burns. While infection control is essential, isolating the patient may not be necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns that require isolation precautions. Educationally, understanding the priorities in burn management helps healthcare professionals provide effective care during the critical early stages of burn injuries. Monitoring fluid balance, ensuring adequate hydration, and preventing complications associated with burns are key aspects of nursing care in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In burn wound care, the most frequently used topical antimicrobial is silver sulfadiazine (Option C). Silver sulfadiazine is preferred due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens commonly found in burn wounds. It helps prevent and treat infections, which are a significant concern in burn patients due to compromised skin integrity. Neosporin (Option A) is not typically used in burn wound care as it contains neomycin, which can cause allergic reactions and is not ideal for extensive burns. Silver nitrate (Option B) is more commonly used for cauterization and wound debridement rather than infection prevention. Sulfamylon (Option D) is effective but can cause significant pain upon application, making it less favorable compared to silver sulfadiazine. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the choice of antimicrobial agents in burn wound care is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in wound management. It highlights the importance of selecting the most appropriate treatment to promote optimal healing outcomes and reduce the risk of complications such as infections, which can significantly impact patient recovery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Transference. Transference occurs when a nurse unconsciously transfers feelings about someone from their past (like Nurse Edna's father) onto a patient. This can lead to biased perceptions and influence the nurse's ability to provide objective care. Option B) Counter Transference refers to when the nurse projects their own feelings onto the patient, which is the opposite of what is happening in this case. Option C) Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings, which is not applicable here. Option D) Sympathy is a genuine feeling of compassion towards a patient and is not related to the unconscious transfer of emotions seen in transference. Understanding transference is crucial in nursing practice as it can impact the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient. It is important for nurses to recognize and address these emotions to ensure they deliver unbiased and effective care to all patients. By acknowledging and managing transference, nurses can maintain professionalism and provide quality patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Affect. Affect refers to the external expression of a person's internal emotional state. The statement "Bow down before me! I am the holy mother of Christ! I am the blessed Virgin Mary!" suggests a grandiose and delusional belief which indicates an abnormality in affect. This expression of exaggerated self-importance and religious delusion is a clear indication of disturbed affect in the mental status examination. Option A) Thought content typically refers to the actual content of a person's thoughts, such as delusions or hallucinations. In this case, the content of the statement is not the primary focus, but rather the emotional expression. Option B) Mood refers to a person's subjective emotional state, such as feeling sad or happy. The statement does not reflect a mood but rather an exaggerated self-perception. Option D) Attitude refers to a person's inclinations or beliefs that predispose their reactions to certain situations. While the statement does reflect a certain attitude, the primary concern here is the emotional expression rather than the underlying attitude. Educationally, understanding the nuances of mental status examination categories like affect is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately assess and document patients' mental health. Recognizing abnormal affect can aid in diagnosing conditions like psychosis or mania, leading to appropriate interventions and treatment plans. This question highlights the importance of keen observation and interpretation skills in the field of pharmacology and healthcare.