ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nursing instructor prepares to teach student nurses about how mean effective doses of medications are related to clinical practice. As a result of the instruction, what is the best understanding of the student nurses?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mean effective dose (ED50) affects 50% of a population, but individuals vary-some need more or less due to metabolism, weight, or genetics, a clinical reality. Severe side effects aren't 50%-that's toxicity. Ethnic differences influence response, but dose variation is broader. No effect in 50% misreads ED50. Dose adjustment reflects individual pharmacokinetics, key to practice.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for followup of recurrent hay fever and asthma. He usually has two to three attacks per week. For symptom control, he uses an albuterol inhaler, but his parents would like to try something more. They would like him to take something that would lessen the amount of attacks he has. Although corticosteroids would probably work best for prophylaxis, they are contraindicated in children. Which of the following drugs would decrease the amount of asthma attacks by preventing an arachidonic acid derivative from binding to its receptor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma attacks in this case are driven by inflammation, often mediated by leukotrienes, which are arachidonic acid derivatives. The goal is to reduce the frequency of attacks by targeting this pathway. Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing prostaglandins but not leukotrienes, and may even worsen asthma in some patients. Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, also irrelevant to leukotrienes. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator, effective for acute symptom relief but not prophylaxis via arachidonic acid pathways. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, directly preventing leukotrienes from binding to their receptors, thus reducing inflammation and attack frequency. Zileuton (E), while a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, isn't the best choice here as the question specifies receptor binding prevention, not synthesis inhibition. Montelukast aligns perfectly with the mechanism described, making it the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Superficial bladder cancer can be treated by direct instillation of the antineoplastic antibiotic agent mitomycin (Mutamycin). This process is termed:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intravesical administration involves the direct instillation of medication into the bladder, which is a common method for treating superficial bladder cancer. This approach allows high concentrations of the drug, such as mitomycin, to come into direct contact with the cancerous cells lining the bladder, minimizing systemic side effects. Intraventricular and intrathecal administrations are used for delivering drugs to the brain and spinal cord, respectively, while intravascular administration refers to intravenous delivery. Intravesical administration is specifically designed for bladder conditions, making it the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A client has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension. Which medication could the client safely receive for hypertension?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Terazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, treats hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing vascular and prostate smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure and easing urinary flow. Sildenafil, for erectile dysfunction, doesn't address hypertension or BPH and may drop blood pressure, risking complications. Finasteride shrinks the prostate for BPH but doesn't affect hypertension, missing the dual need. Tamsulosin, also for BPH, can cause hypotension but isn't used routinely for hypertension management. Terazosin's dual efficacy makes it safe and suitable, addressing both conditions without worsening either, unlike alternatives lacking hypertensive benefits or posing risks.
Question 5 of 5
Which solution should the nurse administer with packed red blood cells?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering packed red blood cells, it is recommended to use 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline solution, as the preferred solution. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with blood products, making it the most suitable solution for transfusion with packed red blood cells. It helps maintain the osmotic pressure and prevents hemolysis of red blood cells, ensuring the safe delivery of the blood product to the patient. Lactated Ringer's solution, D5W, and 0.45% sodium chloride are not ideal choices for administering packed red blood cells due to their electrolyte compositions and potential risks of adverse reactions.