ATI RN
foundations of nursing practice questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurses assessment of a patient with significant visual losses reveals that the patient cannot count fingers. How should the nurse proceed with assessment of the patients visual acuity?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient's inability to count fingers indicates severe visual impairment. Testing hand motion perception is a more appropriate initial assessment for patients with such significant visual losses. This method can differentiate between light perception and no light perception, providing valuable information about the patient's visual acuity. The other choices are incorrect because assessing vision using a Snellen chart (A) requires more visual acuity than just being able to see hand motion. Performing a detailed examination of external eye structures (C) and palpating periocular regions (D) are not relevant for assessing visual acuity and do not provide information on the patient's ability to perceive hand motion.
Question 2 of 5
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of retinal inflammation in patients with AIDS. What drug, surgically implanted, is used for the acute stage of CMV retinitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Ganciclovir is the correct answer for the acute stage of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients. It is an antiviral drug that specifically targets CMV. Ganciclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, effectively controlling CMV replication in the eye. Pilocarpine (A) is a miotic used for glaucoma, not for CMV retinitis. Penicillin (B) is an antibiotic effective against bacterial infections, not viral infections like CMV. Gentamicin (D) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like CMV.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with low vision has called the clinic and asked the nurse for help with acquiring some lowvision aids. What else can the nurse offer to help this patient manage his low vision?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient has diabetes. Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, a common cause of low vision. By knowing the patient's medical history, the nurse can recommend appropriate low vision aids and refer the patient to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and management. Incorrect choices: A: The patient uses OTC NSAIDs - NSAIDs are not relevant to managing low vision. B: The patient has a history of stroke - A history of stroke is not directly related to low vision. D: The patient has Asian ancestry - Ancestry is not a factor in managing low vision.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is ready to be discharged home after a cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant and the nurse is reviewing signs and symptoms that need to be reported to the ophthalmologist immediately. Which of the patients statements best demonstrates an adequate understanding?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I need to call the doctor if I see flashing lights." This is because seeing flashing lights after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant can be a sign of a serious complication like retinal detachment. Prompt reporting is crucial to prevent vision loss. Choice A is incorrect because nausea is not typically a sign of a complication related to cataract surgery. Choice B is also incorrect as a light morning discharge is normal post-surgery unless it's excessive or associated with pain or visual changes. Choice C is incorrect as a scratchy feeling is common after surgery and usually resolves on its own.
Question 5 of 5
While reviewing the health history of an older adult experiencing hearing loss the nurse notes the patient has had no trauma or loss of balance. What aspect of this patients health history is most likely to be linked to the patients hearing deficit?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Previous perforation of the eardrum. A perforated eardrum can lead to hearing loss as it affects the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear. This is the most likely link to the patient's hearing deficit as trauma or injury to the eardrum can directly impact hearing. Incorrect choices: A: Recent completion of radiation therapy for treatment of thyroid cancer - Radiation therapy for thyroid cancer typically does not directly affect hearing. B: Routine use of quinine for management of leg cramps - Quinine use is associated with tinnitus (ringing in the ears) but not typically with hearing loss. C: Allergy to hair coloring and hair spray - Allergy to hair products is not directly related to hearing loss. In summary, the most likely cause of the patient's hearing deficit based on the health history provided is the previous perforation of the eardrum, as it directly affects the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.