The nurse works with a physician who frequently prescribes benzodiazepines. The use of benzodiazepines in which patient would cause the nurse the most concern?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Benzos (e.g., diazepam) in an 87-year-old with a cane raise fall risk-sedation and slow clearance heighten injury odds, per geriatrics. Kids rarely get benzos-alternatives exist. Adults (42, 32) handle them better unless dependent. Elderly frailty drives concern, a safety red flag.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Valproate is classified as an anti-convulsant medication. It is commonly used to treat seizures, particularly in the management of epilepsy. Valproate works by affecting certain chemicals in the brain to control seizures and stabilize mood in some psychiatric conditions. It is not classified as an anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer agent, or anti-hypertensive medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antiemetic drugs are medications used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the main action of antiemetic drugs is to prevent vomiting, making option E the correct answer. Antiemetic drugs work by reducing or blocking the signals to the vomiting center in the brain, thus helping to alleviate the symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ionized drugs cross renal tubular membranes poorly, staying in urine for excretion, unlike non-ionized or lipid-soluble drugs reabsorbed easily. Volatile drugs (e.g., anesthetics) excrete via lungs, not kidneys. Ionization traps drugs, a pharmacokinetic excretion key.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Garlic is known to have antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties. When taken in large amounts, garlic can enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications like warfarin (Coumadin), which can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, it is crucial for patients on warfarin therapy to avoid consuming excessive amounts of garlic or garlic supplements to prevent potential interactions and complications.