The nurse witnesses a patient’s seizure involving generalized contraction of the body followed by jerkiness of the arms and legs. The nurse reports this as which type of seizure?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure involves both tonic (muscle stiffness) and clonic (jerking movements) phases, which align with the patient's presentation of generalized body contractions followed by jerkiness of the arms and legs. Myoclonic seizures (A) involve brief, sudden muscle contractions. Absence seizures (B) are characterized by brief lapses in consciousness without convulsions. Psychomotor seizures (D) involve complex motor behaviors and altered consciousness, which do not match the patient's symptoms. Therefore, based on the description provided, the most fitting type of seizure is a tonic-clonic seizure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increased synthesis of adenylyl cyclase. One of the leading hypotheses about the molecular mechanism of action of lithium is its ability to increase the synthesis of adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme involved in the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which plays a role in cellular signaling pathways. By increasing the synthesis of adenylyl cyclase, lithium may help to regulate intracellular signaling and neurotransmitter release, contributing to its mood-stabilizing effects in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: These drugs have anticholinergic properties, often causing dry mouth, blurred vision, and sedation due to their atropine-like effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydralazine causes vasodilation, which can lead to reflex tachycardia, headache, and postural hypotension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diazepam has a long half-life, which reduces the risk of severe withdrawal symptoms compared to shorter-acting benzodiazepines like triazolam.