The nurse will teach a patient who is receiving oral iron supplements to watch for which expected adverse effects?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Black, tarry stools. Iron supplements commonly cause gastrointestinal side effects, including constipation and dark-colored stools. The black, tarry stools indicate the presence of iron in the stool. Palpitations (A) are not a common side effect of oral iron supplements. Drowsiness and dizziness (B) are not typically associated with iron supplementation. Orange-red discoloration of the urine (D) is a side effect of medications like phenazopyridine, not iron supplements. It is important to monitor for black, tarry stools as it may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 1. Procaine is an ester-type local anesthetic derived from paraaminobenzoic acid. 2. Esters of paraaminobenzoic acid have the suffix "-caine" in their generic names. 3. Mepivacaine, lidocaine, and cocaine are all amide-type local anesthetics. 4. Cocaine is derived from the coca plant and not from paraaminobenzoic acid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine is a M-cholinomimetic agent because it selectively activates muscarinic receptors. It is commonly used to treat conditions like glaucoma by causing pupillary constriction and lowering intraocular pressure. Carbachol (A) and Bethanechol (D) are non-selective cholinomimetics, affecting both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Acetylcholine (C) is not a practical drug due to its rapid degradation by acetylcholinesterase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because atropine poisoning typically causes tachycardia due to its anticholinergic effects. Mydriasis, cycloplegia (A), hyperthermia, dry mouth, hot and flushed skin (B), and agitation, delirium (C) are common symptoms of atropine poisoning. Bradycardia and orthostatic hypotension (D) are not typically associated with atropine poisoning due to its anticholinergic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stimulation of insulin secretion. Alpha-receptor stimulation leads to vasoconstriction, contraction of smooth muscles in the bladder base, uterus, and prostate, as well as platelet aggregation. Insulin secretion is primarily regulated by beta cells in the pancreas, which are influenced by glucose levels, not alpha-receptor stimulation. Therefore, the effects listed in options A, B, and D are all consistent with alpha-receptor stimulation, while option C is not.