The nurse will monitor for myopathy (muscle pain) when a patient is taking which class of antilipemic drugs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Myopathy is a known side effect of this class of antilipemic drugs, such as atorvastatin or simvastatin. These drugs can cause muscle pain or weakness due to muscle breakdown. Niacin (A), fibric acid derivatives (C), and bile acid sequestrants (D) do not typically cause myopathy as a side effect. It's important for the nurse to monitor for muscle pain in patients taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to promptly address any potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a receptor is a specific active macromolecular component of a cell or organism that a drug molecule must bind to in order to elicit a specific effect. This definition aligns with the concept of receptors in pharmacology. A is incorrect because ion channels are not necessarily receptors. B is incorrect because enzymes involved in oxidizing-reducing reactions are not typically considered receptors. D is incorrect because carriers are not the same as receptors in pharmacology. In summary, answer C is the most appropriate as it accurately defines the role of a receptor in pharmacology, while the other choices do not align with the definition of a receptor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because local anesthetics are usually made available as salts due to their greater water solubility and stability. Water-soluble salts are easier to dissolve and distribute in the body, enhancing their effectiveness. Additionally, the stability of salts ensures a longer shelf life and reduces the risk of degradation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because local anesthetics as salts do not necessarily lead to less toxicity, higher stability, greater lipid solubility, less local tissue damage, or more potency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Physostigmine is the correct answer as it is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. This means it binds to the enzyme temporarily and can be easily displaced, allowing the enzyme to function normally after a while. Physostigmine is commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma and myasthenia gravis. A: Isoflurophate is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, meaning it forms a permanent bond with the enzyme. B: Carbochol is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist, not a cholinesterase inhibitor. D: Parathion is an organophosphate insecticide that irreversibly inhibits cholinesterase enzymes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trimethaphane. Trimethaphane is a short-acting ganglion blocker because it acts quickly to block ganglionic transmission, leading to a rapid onset of action. Homatropine is a muscarinic antagonist used for its anticholinergic effects, not as a ganglion blocker. Hexamethonium is a ganglion blocker, but it is long-acting, not short-acting. Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocker used for skeletal muscle paralysis, not for ganglionic blockade. Therefore, the correct choice is Trimethaphane due to its fast-acting nature in blocking ganglionic transmission.