The nurse will monitor a patient for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia if the patient is taking which of these diuretics?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys while retaining potassium. This mechanism can lead to an increased risk of hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. Therefore, patients taking spironolactone should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia, such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms. In contrast, diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide (choice A), furosemide (choice B), and acetazolamide (choice C) are not typically associated with the risk of hyperkalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most helpful test in determining the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in an HIV-positive client is a viral load test. A viral load test measures the amount of HIV in the blood by counting the number of copies of the virus present. Monitoring viral load levels over time provides vital information about how well the antiretroviral medications are working in suppressing the replication of the virus. A decrease in viral load indicates a positive response to the therapy, while an increase may suggest treatment failure or the development of drug resistance. Regular monitoring of viral load is a crucial aspect of managing HIV infection and assessing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tremors are a common side effect associated with the use of Phenytoin. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can affect the nervous system, leading to involuntary shaking or tremors. These tremors can affect different parts of the body and may vary in severity. It is important for individuals taking Phenytoin to be aware of this potential side effect and consult their healthcare provider if they experience tremors as a result of taking the medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ondansetron, which is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting, can be administered via three routes: Orally (PO), Intravenously (IV), and Rectally (Rectal). These routes allow for flexible administration based on the patient's condition and needs. Intramuscular (IM) administration is not a recognized route for ondansetron administration.