The nurse who works in a sleep clinic knows that approximately ______% of adults suffer from insomnia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 to 40%). Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, affecting around 30-40% of adults. This range reflects the prevalence rates reported in various studies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they provide prevalence rates that are either too low (A) or too high (C, D) compared to the generally accepted range for insomnia in adults. It is essential for the nurse in a sleep clinic to understand the prevalence of insomnia accurately to provide appropriate care and support to patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Breach confidentiality to inform his parent about the adolescent's suicidal thoughts. In this scenario, the adolescent's safety is the top priority. Suicidal ideation in a minor is a serious concern that requires immediate intervention. As a healthcare provider, it is crucial to ensure the adolescent's well-being by involving the parent or guardian to provide necessary support and access to mental health resources. Option A) Referring to peds medicine for workup of obesity is not the most immediate concern in this case. While addressing obesity is important, the immediate focus should be on the adolescent's safety due to the presence of suicidal thoughts. Option C) Referring to school for counseling is not appropriate for handling suicidal ideation. School counseling may be beneficial in a comprehensive treatment plan but is not the primary step when a patient is at risk of self-harm. Option D) Providing reassurance and diet and exercise advice is inadequate when dealing with suicidal ideation. This approach does not address the urgent need for mental health intervention and parental involvement. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of recognizing and responding to suicidal ideation in adolescents. It emphasizes the duty of care healthcare providers have in ensuring the safety and well-being of their patients, especially when dealing with mental health concerns. Confidentiality should be breached when there is a risk of harm to the patient or others, and involving parents or guardians is crucial in providing appropriate support and intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Assessment of oppositional behaviors should consider individual, dyadic, systemic, and familial risk factors. This answer is correct because effective management of oppositional behaviors in children requires a comprehensive assessment that takes into account various factors. Individual factors such as temperament, cognitive abilities, and emotional regulation play a role in shaping behavior. Dyadic factors refer to the child's interactions with caregivers and peers, which can influence behavior. Systemic factors include the child's environment, such as school and community dynamics. Familial risk factors like parenting styles, family dynamics, and history of mental health issues can also contribute to oppositional behaviors. Option A is incorrect because some degree of oppositional behavior is considered typical in children as they develop autonomy and test boundaries. It becomes a concern when it is persistent and disruptive. Option C is incorrect because while both psychosocial interventions (like therapy and behavior management strategies) and, in some cases, pharmacological treatments may be used, they are not equally effective for everyone and are often used in combination rather than as standalone treatments. Option D is incorrect because parenting involvement and training are crucial components in managing oppositional behaviors. Parenting strategies and behavior management techniques are often essential in helping children learn more adaptive ways of coping and interacting with others. In an educational context, understanding the multifaceted nature of oppositional behaviors and the importance of a thorough assessment can guide educators and professionals in developing targeted interventions that address the underlying factors contributing to a child's behavior. It highlights the need for a holistic approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders to support the child effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, where the client sees frightening faces on the wall, is indicative of an illusion. An illusion is a misinterpretation or misperception of a real external stimulus. In this case, the client is misinterpreting shadows on the wall as frightening faces, which is a classic example of an illusion. Option A, where the client tries to hit the clinical officer, suggests aggression or agitation, not an illusion. Option B, where the client hears a voice telling them to run away, could indicate auditory hallucinations, not an illusion. Option C, where the client becomes anxious when the clinical officer leaves, may point to separation anxiety or attachment issues, not illusions. Educationally, understanding the difference between illusions, hallucinations, and other perceptual disturbances is crucial in healthcare. This knowledge helps healthcare providers assess and communicate effectively with clients experiencing such phenomena, leading to better care outcomes. It also aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for conditions like schizophrenia, delirium, or substance-induced disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) TRUE. A phobia is indeed an intense, irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity, which in reality poses little to no actual danger. Phobias can significantly impact an individual's daily life and functioning, leading to avoidance behaviors and heightened anxiety. Option B) FALSE is incorrect because phobias are real and recognized psychological disorders that can cause distress and impairment in various aspects of a person's life. It is essential to acknowledge and address phobias to help individuals manage their fears and improve their quality of life. Educational Context: Understanding phobias is crucial in the field of healthcare as they can have a significant impact on an individual's mental health and well-being. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of phobias, their symptoms, and treatment options to provide appropriate support and interventions for individuals experiencing phobic reactions. Educating individuals about phobias can help reduce stigma, increase awareness, and promote early intervention. By recognizing and addressing phobias promptly, healthcare providers can help individuals overcome their fears and improve their overall quality of life. This knowledge is vital for healthcare professionals working in various settings, including mental health, primary care, and emergency services, to provide comprehensive and holistic care to individuals with phobias.