ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by which passive transport process?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diffusion. Diffusion is the passive transport process where ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. This aligns with the scenario described in the question where ions equalize their concentration. Osmosis (A) specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Filtration (B) involves the movement of solutes through a membrane due to pressure differences. Titration (C) is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution and is not related to passive transport processes like diffusion.
Question 2 of 5
The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1, HCO3- of 20 mEq/L, and PCO2 of 36 mm Hg. These laboratory values are consistent with which acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The given pH of 7.1 indicates acidemia. The low HCO3- of 20 mEq/L points to metabolic acidosis. The PCO2 of 36 mm Hg is normal, ruling out respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. In metabolic acidosis, the kidneys cannot excrete enough acid or retain enough bicarbonate. This leads to a decrease in serum HCO3- levels causing an acidotic state. Choices A, B, and C do not align with the provided blood gas values, making them incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
After selecting an appropriate fluid, which action should the nurse take to correctly flush a PRN lock?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because using slow, gentle pressure to clear the lumen is essential to prevent damaging the lock or causing discomfort to the patient. Forceful flushing (A) can damage the lumen, while flushing hard enough to clear resistance (C) may cause discomfort and potential harm. Aspirating for blood return prior to flushing (D) is not necessary for a PRN lock flush as it is typically done before administering medications. In summary, choice B is correct as it ensures safe and effective flushing without causing harm or discomfort.
Question 4 of 5
The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients, renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because renal dysfunction is a common issue in critically ill patients due to factors like decreased perfusion and nephrotoxic medications. This can lead to acute kidney injury in nearly two thirds of patients. Choice A is incorrect as renal dysfunction is common, not rare. Choice C is incorrect because renal replacement therapy does not guarantee a low mortality rate. Choice D is incorrect as renal dysfunction can significantly impact morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in critically ill patients.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who was admitted with renal insufficiency. An expected laboratory finding for this patient may be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: a normal serum creatinine level. In renal insufficiency, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products like creatinine, leading to elevated serum levels. A normal creatinine level indicates the kidneys are functioning properly. A: Increased GFR would not be expected in renal insufficiency as GFR typically decreases. C: In renal insufficiency, the ability to excrete drugs may be impaired due to decreased kidney function. D: Hypokalemia is not a typical laboratory finding in renal insufficiency; instead, hyperkalemia is more common due to reduced excretion of potassium.